Have Asian airlines caught up with European Airlines? A by-production efficiency analysis
•We propose an extension of the by-production approach to account for group heterogeneity.•Meta-frontiers are established using good-output, bad-output and by-production efficiencies.•CO2-e as a bad output, along with TKA, is used to compare European and Asian airlines.•European airlines have shown...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice Policy and practice, 2018-10, Vol.116, p.389-403 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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