Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment
Most previous research on changes in weed abundance and community composition in cropping systems has focused on field crops. The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an...
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description | Most previous research on changes in weed abundance and community composition in cropping systems has focused on field crops. The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an Intensive system with six crops per 4-yr rotation, an Intermediate system with one cash crop per year, a Bio-extensive system with alternating cash crop and tilled fallow years plus prevention of seed rain, and a Ridge-tillage system with one cash crop per year. Systems also differed in the types and number of cover crops between cash crops. During the course of the experiment, the weed community shifted from one dominated by summer annual broadleaf species that reproduce at the end of their lives to a community dominated by summer and winter annuals that mature rapidly. This shift in community composition can be attributed to the change in land use from conventionally managed corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to organic vegetable production. In particular, crop rotations with diverse preplantings and postharvest tillage dates interrupted the life cycle of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.: mostly Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii S. Watson], with small numbers of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexus L.] and smooth pigweed [Amaranthus hybridus L.]), while favoring a diverse assemblage of quickly maturing species. The study thus demonstrates that an appropriate crop rotation can control the seedbank of weeds like C. album that potentially persist well in the soil. The Ridge-tillage system greatly reduced the frequency and depth of tillage relative to other systems while effectively suppressing perennial weeds. The early-reproducing annuals, however, became more abundant in the Ridge-tillage system than in the other systems, primarily due to escapes along the edge of the scraped ridges. The tilled fallow periods coupled with prevention of seed rain in the Bio-extensive system substantially reduced weed abundance through time and relative to the other systems. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/wsc.2018.52 |
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The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an Intensive system with six crops per 4-yr rotation, an Intermediate system with one cash crop per year, a Bio-extensive system with alternating cash crop and tilled fallow years plus prevention of seed rain, and a Ridge-tillage system with one cash crop per year. Systems also differed in the types and number of cover crops between cash crops. During the course of the experiment, the weed community shifted from one dominated by summer annual broadleaf species that reproduce at the end of their lives to a community dominated by summer and winter annuals that mature rapidly. This shift in community composition can be attributed to the change in land use from conventionally managed corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to organic vegetable production. In particular, crop rotations with diverse preplantings and postharvest tillage dates interrupted the life cycle of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.: mostly Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii S. Watson], with small numbers of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexus L.] and smooth pigweed [Amaranthus hybridus L.]), while favoring a diverse assemblage of quickly maturing species. The study thus demonstrates that an appropriate crop rotation can control the seedbank of weeds like C. album that potentially persist well in the soil. The Ridge-tillage system greatly reduced the frequency and depth of tillage relative to other systems while effectively suppressing perennial weeds. The early-reproducing annuals, however, became more abundant in the Ridge-tillage system than in the other systems, primarily due to escapes along the edge of the scraped ridges. The tilled fallow periods coupled with prevention of seed rain in the Bio-extensive system substantially reduced weed abundance through time and relative to the other systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1745</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1550-2759</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1550-2759</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2018.52</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, USA: The Weed Science Society of America</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Agricultural practices ; Agriculture ; Alfalfa ; Amaranth ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; Biomass ; Cash crops ; Chenopodium album ; Communities ; Community composition ; Composition ; Corn ; Cover crops ; Crop production ; Crop rotation ; Cropping systems ; Crops ; Energy crops ; Environmental Sciences ; Experiments ; Farmers ; Farms ; Land use ; Land use management ; Life cycle engineering ; Life cycles ; Life Sciences ; Organic farming ; Prevention ; Productivity ; Rain ; Seed banks ; seed persistence ; Seeds ; Soil erosion ; Sorghum ; Species ; Summer ; System effectiveness ; Tillage ; timing of tillage ; Vegetables ; Vegetal Biology ; WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ; weed community ; Weed Management ; Weeds</subject><ispartof>Weed science, 2018-09, Vol.66 (5), p.611-626</ispartof><rights>Weed Science Society of America, 2018.</rights><rights>Weed Science Society of America, 2018</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b389t-d6685a813450599207d18ab0bdcdf5fafc590255581ba8eeb7f405321e1dd3493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b389t-d6685a813450599207d18ab0bdcdf5fafc590255581ba8eeb7f405321e1dd3493</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1069-8388 ; 0000-0001-8215-2777</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26505885$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0043174518000528/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,230,314,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,55628,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621344$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohler, Charles L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caldwell, Brian A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marschner, Caroline A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordeau, Stephane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maqsood, Qaiser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Matthew R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DiTommaso, Antonio</creatorcontrib><title>Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment</title><title>Weed science</title><addtitle>Weed Sci</addtitle><description>Most previous research on changes in weed abundance and community composition in cropping systems has focused on field crops. The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an Intensive system with six crops per 4-yr rotation, an Intermediate system with one cash crop per year, a Bio-extensive system with alternating cash crop and tilled fallow years plus prevention of seed rain, and a Ridge-tillage system with one cash crop per year. Systems also differed in the types and number of cover crops between cash crops. During the course of the experiment, the weed community shifted from one dominated by summer annual broadleaf species that reproduce at the end of their lives to a community dominated by summer and winter annuals that mature rapidly. This shift in community composition can be attributed to the change in land use from conventionally managed corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to organic vegetable production. In particular, crop rotations with diverse preplantings and postharvest tillage dates interrupted the life cycle of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.: mostly Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii S. Watson], with small numbers of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexus L.] and smooth pigweed [Amaranthus hybridus L.]), while favoring a diverse assemblage of quickly maturing species. The study thus demonstrates that an appropriate crop rotation can control the seedbank of weeds like C. album that potentially persist well in the soil. The Ridge-tillage system greatly reduced the frequency and depth of tillage relative to other systems while effectively suppressing perennial weeds. The early-reproducing annuals, however, became more abundant in the Ridge-tillage system than in the other systems, primarily due to escapes along the edge of the scraped ridges. The tilled fallow periods coupled with prevention of seed rain in the Bio-extensive system substantially reduced weed abundance through time and relative to the other systems.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Agricultural practices</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Alfalfa</subject><subject>Amaranth</subject><subject>Amaranthus retroflexus</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Cash crops</subject><subject>Chenopodium album</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Cover crops</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Crop rotation</subject><subject>Cropping systems</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Energy crops</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Farmers</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>Land use management</subject><subject>Life cycle engineering</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Organic farming</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Seed banks</subject><subject>seed persistence</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Sorghum</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>System effectiveness</subject><subject>Tillage</subject><subject>timing of tillage</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Vegetal Biology</subject><subject>WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY</subject><subject>weed community</subject><subject>Weed 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Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment</title><author>Mohler, Charles L ; Caldwell, Brian A ; Marschner, Caroline A ; Cordeau, Stephane ; Maqsood, Qaiser ; Ryan, Matthew R ; DiTommaso, Antonio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b389t-d6685a813450599207d18ab0bdcdf5fafc590255581ba8eeb7f405321e1dd3493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Agricultural practices</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Alfalfa</topic><topic>Amaranth</topic><topic>Amaranthus retroflexus</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Cash crops</topic><topic>Chenopodium album</topic><topic>Communities</topic><topic>Community composition</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Cover crops</topic><topic>Crop production</topic><topic>Crop rotation</topic><topic>Cropping 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R</au><au>DiTommaso, Antonio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment</atitle><jtitle>Weed science</jtitle><addtitle>Weed Sci</addtitle><date>2018-09-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>611</spage><epage>626</epage><pages>611-626</pages><issn>0043-1745</issn><issn>1550-2759</issn><eissn>1550-2759</eissn><abstract>Most previous research on changes in weed abundance and community composition in cropping systems has focused on field crops. The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an Intensive system with six crops per 4-yr rotation, an Intermediate system with one cash crop per year, a Bio-extensive system with alternating cash crop and tilled fallow years plus prevention of seed rain, and a Ridge-tillage system with one cash crop per year. Systems also differed in the types and number of cover crops between cash crops. During the course of the experiment, the weed community shifted from one dominated by summer annual broadleaf species that reproduce at the end of their lives to a community dominated by summer and winter annuals that mature rapidly. This shift in community composition can be attributed to the change in land use from conventionally managed corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to organic vegetable production. In particular, crop rotations with diverse preplantings and postharvest tillage dates interrupted the life cycle of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.: mostly Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii S. Watson], with small numbers of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexus L.] and smooth pigweed [Amaranthus hybridus L.]), while favoring a diverse assemblage of quickly maturing species. The study thus demonstrates that an appropriate crop rotation can control the seedbank of weeds like C. album that potentially persist well in the soil. The Ridge-tillage system greatly reduced the frequency and depth of tillage relative to other systems while effectively suppressing perennial weeds. The early-reproducing annuals, however, became more abundant in the Ridge-tillage system than in the other systems, primarily due to escapes along the edge of the scraped ridges. The tilled fallow periods coupled with prevention of seed rain in the Bio-extensive system substantially reduced weed abundance through time and relative to the other systems.</abstract><cop>New York, USA</cop><pub>The Weed Science Society of America</pub><doi>10.1017/wsc.2018.52</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-8388</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-2777</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
subjects | Abundance Agricultural practices Agriculture Alfalfa Amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus Biomass Cash crops Chenopodium album Communities Community composition Composition Corn Cover crops Crop production Crop rotation Cropping systems Crops Energy crops Environmental Sciences Experiments Farmers Farms Land use Land use management Life cycle engineering Life cycles Life Sciences Organic farming Prevention Productivity Rain Seed banks seed persistence Seeds Soil erosion Sorghum Species Summer System effectiveness Tillage timing of tillage Vegetables Vegetal Biology WEED BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY weed community Weed Management Weeds |
title | Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment |
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