IL-17c is involved in olfactory mucosa responses to Poly(I:C) mimicking virus presence

•IL-17c is active in the olfactory mucosa and elicits ATP release.•IL-17c nasal instillation induces inflammation in the olfactory mucosa.•Poly(I:C) stimulation induces IL-17c expression in the nasal cavity.•IL-17c limits cellular death levels induced in this virus-like context.•IL-17c participates in olfactory mucosa remodelling following Poly(I:C) stimulation. At the interface of the environment and the nervous system, the olfactory mucosa (OM) is a privileged pathway for environmental toxicants and pathogens towards the central nervous system. The OM is known to produce antimicrobial and immunological components but the mechanisms of action of the immune system on the OM remain poorly explored. IL-17c is a potent mediator of respiratory epithelial innate immune responses, whose receptors are highly expressed in the OM of mice. We first characterized the presence of the IL-17c and its receptors in the OM. While IL-17c was weakly expressed in the control condition, it was strongly expressed in vivo after intranasal administration of polyinosinic–polycytidylic (Poly I:C), a Toll Like Receptor 3 agonist, mimicking a viral infection. Using calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings, we found that IL-17c can effectively activate OM cells through the release of ATP. In the longer term, intranasal chronic instillations of IL-17c increased the cellular dynamics of the epithelium and promoted immune cells infiltrations. Finally, IL-17c decreased cell death induced by Poly(I:C) in an OM primary culture. The OM is thus a tissue highly responsive to immune mediators, proving its central role as a barrier against airway pathogens.