Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas
Mass transfer between aquifers, vadose zone, including soils and waters may occur at equilibrium or out of equilibrium. Irrigating with low-quality waters can result in soil salinization and/or degradation of soil structure. Checking minerals/solutions equilibria from the chemical composition of sol...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2019-03, Vol.78 (6), p.1-27, Article 196 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 27 |
---|---|
container_issue | 6 |
container_start_page | 1 |
container_title | Environmental earth sciences |
container_volume | 78 |
creator | Salhi, Nassira Douaoui, Abdelkader Trolard, Fabienne Bourrié, Guilhem |
description | Mass transfer between aquifers, vadose zone, including soils and waters may occur at equilibrium or out of equilibrium. Irrigating with low-quality waters can result in soil salinization and/or degradation of soil structure. Checking minerals/solutions equilibria from the chemical composition of solutions implies computing activities and Saturation Indexes (SI) of minerals. In semi-arid-to-arid areas, evaporation concentrates solutions and waters evolve in different geochemical pathways, mainly saline neutral path and alkaline path, separated by bifurcations. Strong non ideality of electrolyte solutions makes it difficult to compute accurately activities and SI. The objective of this paper is to compare Pitzer’s model and Specific Interaction Theory (SIT), both now incorporated in Phreeqc 3.0. Samples can be assigned to the saline neutral path with dominance of sulfate which is the majority and with dominance of chloride as the minority. Data were twofold: (i) groundwaters were sampled in an irrigated plain, in Lower Chéliff valley (Algeria), and analyzed, they cover the range from low to medium ionic strength; (ii) data from a saline system (Chott El Jerid, Tunisia) were taken from the literature to cover the range from medium to very high ionic strength, including brines. Data were processed with both models to check equilibria. Results opposing classical assumptions are obtained: (i) calcite does not form at equilibrium and requires a specific oversaturation (
SI
≃
1.4
), then relaxes to equilibrium. This is a general result that can be extended to many situations, where calcite forms, including sedimentation; (ii) gypsum, which is more soluble, forms at equilibrium; accordingly, the assumption of equilibrium at low temperature, i.e., in Earth’s surface conditions, holds for gypsum, but not for calcite; (iii) Pitzer’s model gives better results than SIT for calcite and gypsum, but SIT model gives better results for halite, while it is generally admitted that Pitzer’s model is better for
I
>
3
m
. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02618219v1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2188866895</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a373t-618d5ef217988bb6bdc7ea9ee21139615c68eae2bb2162b7cfc2fc68d55e37893</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1UsFu1DAUjBBIVKUfwM0SJ6SGxo7iONyqClqklahUOFuO85J1ydrps7PtcuI3-D2-giNvN1V7whfb782Mx_Zk2VtefOBFUZ9FLqSs8oI3ueJlkz-8yI64kjKXomlePq1V8To7ifG2oFESrpBH2d-bCazrnWXOJ0BjkwuepTUE3LEtYJwju3bpJ-CfX78j24QORoKyAcPsu3tDnMiM71iLzkNkfUBm12B_OD8wuJvd6Khjznzw-fOW3bu0ZtaM1iU4ZcNuivPm9KCzNiPVPjIzTaOzZrET2ITQOZv2zhhswzgfGqFn8XEdmQ3egk9InsjOjmBmCrgokGOH6IZDzyCY-CZ71ZsxwsnjfJx9__zp28VVvvp6-eXifJWbsi5TLrnqKugFrxul2la2na3BNACC0wtKXlmpwIBoW8GlaGvbW9FTrasqKGvVlMfZ-0WXLqYndBuDOx2M01fnK72vFYLOELzZcsK-W7AThrsZYtK3YUZP9rTgStEvqqYiFF9QFkOMCP2TLC_0Pg96yYOmPOh9HvQDccTCiYT1A-Cz8v9J_wAZRcGG</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2188866895</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas</title><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Salhi, Nassira ; Douaoui, Abdelkader ; Trolard, Fabienne ; Bourrié, Guilhem</creator><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Nassira ; Douaoui, Abdelkader ; Trolard, Fabienne ; Bourrié, Guilhem</creatorcontrib><description>Mass transfer between aquifers, vadose zone, including soils and waters may occur at equilibrium or out of equilibrium. Irrigating with low-quality waters can result in soil salinization and/or degradation of soil structure. Checking minerals/solutions equilibria from the chemical composition of solutions implies computing activities and Saturation Indexes (SI) of minerals. In semi-arid-to-arid areas, evaporation concentrates solutions and waters evolve in different geochemical pathways, mainly saline neutral path and alkaline path, separated by bifurcations. Strong non ideality of electrolyte solutions makes it difficult to compute accurately activities and SI. The objective of this paper is to compare Pitzer’s model and Specific Interaction Theory (SIT), both now incorporated in Phreeqc 3.0. Samples can be assigned to the saline neutral path with dominance of sulfate which is the majority and with dominance of chloride as the minority. Data were twofold: (i) groundwaters were sampled in an irrigated plain, in Lower Chéliff valley (Algeria), and analyzed, they cover the range from low to medium ionic strength; (ii) data from a saline system (Chott El Jerid, Tunisia) were taken from the literature to cover the range from medium to very high ionic strength, including brines. Data were processed with both models to check equilibria. Results opposing classical assumptions are obtained: (i) calcite does not form at equilibrium and requires a specific oversaturation (
SI
≃
1.4
), then relaxes to equilibrium. This is a general result that can be extended to many situations, where calcite forms, including sedimentation; (ii) gypsum, which is more soluble, forms at equilibrium; accordingly, the assumption of equilibrium at low temperature, i.e., in Earth’s surface conditions, holds for gypsum, but not for calcite; (iii) Pitzer’s model gives better results than SIT for calcite and gypsum, but SIT model gives better results for halite, while it is generally admitted that Pitzer’s model is better for
I
>
3
m
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agricultural sciences ; Aquifers ; Arid regions ; Bifurcations ; Biogeosciences ; Brines ; Calcite ; Chemical composition ; Data ; Data processing ; Dominance ; Earth ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth surface ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Equilibrium ; Evaporation ; Evolution ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Gypsum ; Halite ; Halites ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Ionic strength ; Irrigated areas ; Life Sciences ; Low temperature ; Mass transfer ; Minerals ; Organic chemistry ; Original Article ; Salinization ; Saturation ; Saturation index ; Sedimentation ; Soil ; Soil degradation ; Soil salinity ; Soil salinization ; Soil structure ; Solutions ; Sulfates ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Vadose water</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2019-03, Vol.78 (6), p.1-27, Article 196</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Environmental Earth Sciences is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a373t-618d5ef217988bb6bdc7ea9ee21139615c68eae2bb2162b7cfc2fc68d55e37893</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a373t-618d5ef217988bb6bdc7ea9ee21139615c68eae2bb2162b7cfc2fc68d55e37893</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0048-8619</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02618219$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Nassira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douaoui, Abdelkader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trolard, Fabienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourrié, Guilhem</creatorcontrib><title>Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>Mass transfer between aquifers, vadose zone, including soils and waters may occur at equilibrium or out of equilibrium. Irrigating with low-quality waters can result in soil salinization and/or degradation of soil structure. Checking minerals/solutions equilibria from the chemical composition of solutions implies computing activities and Saturation Indexes (SI) of minerals. In semi-arid-to-arid areas, evaporation concentrates solutions and waters evolve in different geochemical pathways, mainly saline neutral path and alkaline path, separated by bifurcations. Strong non ideality of electrolyte solutions makes it difficult to compute accurately activities and SI. The objective of this paper is to compare Pitzer’s model and Specific Interaction Theory (SIT), both now incorporated in Phreeqc 3.0. Samples can be assigned to the saline neutral path with dominance of sulfate which is the majority and with dominance of chloride as the minority. Data were twofold: (i) groundwaters were sampled in an irrigated plain, in Lower Chéliff valley (Algeria), and analyzed, they cover the range from low to medium ionic strength; (ii) data from a saline system (Chott El Jerid, Tunisia) were taken from the literature to cover the range from medium to very high ionic strength, including brines. Data were processed with both models to check equilibria. Results opposing classical assumptions are obtained: (i) calcite does not form at equilibrium and requires a specific oversaturation (
SI
≃
1.4
), then relaxes to equilibrium. This is a general result that can be extended to many situations, where calcite forms, including sedimentation; (ii) gypsum, which is more soluble, forms at equilibrium; accordingly, the assumption of equilibrium at low temperature, i.e., in Earth’s surface conditions, holds for gypsum, but not for calcite; (iii) Pitzer’s model gives better results than SIT for calcite and gypsum, but SIT model gives better results for halite, while it is generally admitted that Pitzer’s model is better for
I
>
3
m
.</description><subject>Agricultural sciences</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Arid regions</subject><subject>Bifurcations</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Brines</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Data</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Dominance</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth surface</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Equilibrium</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Gypsum</subject><subject>Halite</subject><subject>Halites</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Ionic strength</subject><subject>Irrigated areas</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Mass transfer</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Salinization</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Saturation index</subject><subject>Sedimentation</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil degradation</subject><subject>Soil salinity</subject><subject>Soil salinization</subject><subject>Soil structure</subject><subject>Solutions</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Vadose water</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UsFu1DAUjBBIVKUfwM0SJ6SGxo7iONyqClqklahUOFuO85J1ydrps7PtcuI3-D2-giNvN1V7whfb782Mx_Zk2VtefOBFUZ9FLqSs8oI3ueJlkz-8yI64kjKXomlePq1V8To7ifG2oFESrpBH2d-bCazrnWXOJ0BjkwuepTUE3LEtYJwju3bpJ-CfX78j24QORoKyAcPsu3tDnMiM71iLzkNkfUBm12B_OD8wuJvd6Khjznzw-fOW3bu0ZtaM1iU4ZcNuivPm9KCzNiPVPjIzTaOzZrET2ITQOZv2zhhswzgfGqFn8XEdmQ3egk9InsjOjmBmCrgokGOH6IZDzyCY-CZ71ZsxwsnjfJx9__zp28VVvvp6-eXifJWbsi5TLrnqKugFrxul2la2na3BNACC0wtKXlmpwIBoW8GlaGvbW9FTrasqKGvVlMfZ-0WXLqYndBuDOx2M01fnK72vFYLOELzZcsK-W7AThrsZYtK3YUZP9rTgStEvqqYiFF9QFkOMCP2TLC_0Pg96yYOmPOh9HvQDccTCiYT1A-Cz8v9J_wAZRcGG</recordid><startdate>20190301</startdate><enddate>20190301</enddate><creator>Salhi, Nassira</creator><creator>Douaoui, Abdelkader</creator><creator>Trolard, Fabienne</creator><creator>Bourrié, Guilhem</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Springer</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-8619</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190301</creationdate><title>Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas</title><author>Salhi, Nassira ; Douaoui, Abdelkader ; Trolard, Fabienne ; Bourrié, Guilhem</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a373t-618d5ef217988bb6bdc7ea9ee21139615c68eae2bb2162b7cfc2fc68d55e37893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agricultural sciences</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Arid regions</topic><topic>Bifurcations</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Brines</topic><topic>Calcite</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Data</topic><topic>Data processing</topic><topic>Dominance</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Earth surface</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Equilibrium</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Gypsum</topic><topic>Halite</topic><topic>Halites</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Ionic strength</topic><topic>Irrigated areas</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Mass transfer</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Salinization</topic><topic>Saturation</topic><topic>Saturation index</topic><topic>Sedimentation</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil degradation</topic><topic>Soil salinity</topic><topic>Soil salinization</topic><topic>Soil structure</topic><topic>Solutions</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Vadose water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Nassira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douaoui, Abdelkader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trolard, Fabienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourrié, Guilhem</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Salhi, Nassira</au><au>Douaoui, Abdelkader</au><au>Trolard, Fabienne</au><au>Bourrié, Guilhem</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2019-03-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>27</epage><pages>1-27</pages><artnum>196</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>Mass transfer between aquifers, vadose zone, including soils and waters may occur at equilibrium or out of equilibrium. Irrigating with low-quality waters can result in soil salinization and/or degradation of soil structure. Checking minerals/solutions equilibria from the chemical composition of solutions implies computing activities and Saturation Indexes (SI) of minerals. In semi-arid-to-arid areas, evaporation concentrates solutions and waters evolve in different geochemical pathways, mainly saline neutral path and alkaline path, separated by bifurcations. Strong non ideality of electrolyte solutions makes it difficult to compute accurately activities and SI. The objective of this paper is to compare Pitzer’s model and Specific Interaction Theory (SIT), both now incorporated in Phreeqc 3.0. Samples can be assigned to the saline neutral path with dominance of sulfate which is the majority and with dominance of chloride as the minority. Data were twofold: (i) groundwaters were sampled in an irrigated plain, in Lower Chéliff valley (Algeria), and analyzed, they cover the range from low to medium ionic strength; (ii) data from a saline system (Chott El Jerid, Tunisia) were taken from the literature to cover the range from medium to very high ionic strength, including brines. Data were processed with both models to check equilibria. Results opposing classical assumptions are obtained: (i) calcite does not form at equilibrium and requires a specific oversaturation (
SI
≃
1.4
), then relaxes to equilibrium. This is a general result that can be extended to many situations, where calcite forms, including sedimentation; (ii) gypsum, which is more soluble, forms at equilibrium; accordingly, the assumption of equilibrium at low temperature, i.e., in Earth’s surface conditions, holds for gypsum, but not for calcite; (iii) Pitzer’s model gives better results than SIT for calcite and gypsum, but SIT model gives better results for halite, while it is generally admitted that Pitzer’s model is better for
I
>
3
m
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x</doi><tpages>27</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-8619</orcidid></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1866-6280 |
ispartof | Environmental earth sciences, 2019-03, Vol.78 (6), p.1-27, Article 196 |
issn | 1866-6280 1866-6299 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02618219v1 |
source | SpringerNature Journals |
subjects | Agricultural sciences Aquifers Arid regions Bifurcations Biogeosciences Brines Calcite Chemical composition Data Data processing Dominance Earth Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth surface Environmental Science and Engineering Equilibrium Evaporation Evolution Geochemistry Geology Gypsum Halite Halites Hydrology/Water Resources Ionic strength Irrigated areas Life Sciences Low temperature Mass transfer Minerals Organic chemistry Original Article Salinization Saturation Saturation index Sedimentation Soil Soil degradation Soil salinity Soil salinization Soil structure Solutions Sulfates Terrestrial Pollution Vadose water |
title | Specific interaction theory versus Pitzer’s model in groundwaters and brines for checking equilibria/non-equilibria with calcite, gypsum, and halite: application to predict the evolution of solutions concentrated by evaporation in irrigated areas |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T18%3A00%3A54IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_hal_p&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Specific%20interaction%20theory%20versus%20Pitzer%E2%80%99s%20model%20in%20groundwaters%20and%20brines%20for%20checking%20equilibria/non-equilibria%20with%20calcite,%20gypsum,%20and%20halite:%20application%20to%20predict%20the%20evolution%20of%20solutions%20concentrated%20by%20evaporation%20in%20irrigated%20areas&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20earth%20sciences&rft.au=Salhi,%20Nassira&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=27&rft.pages=1-27&rft.artnum=196&rft.issn=1866-6280&rft.eissn=1866-6299&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12665-019-8139-x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_hal_p%3E2188866895%3C/proquest_hal_p%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2188866895&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |