Des espaces frontières d’expérimentation entre protection de la nature et pastoralisme

Managing biodiversity has often been presented as a means to conciliate or even hybridize the “world” of agriculture and the “world” of nature protection. But we think that the relationships between these two worlds started before the rise of biodiversity and that they continue to be very diverse: e...

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Veröffentlicht in:Natures sciences sociétés (Montrouge) 2013, Vol.20 (3), p.310-317
Hauptverfasser: Granjou, C., Mauz, Isabelle
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Mauz, Isabelle
description Managing biodiversity has often been presented as a means to conciliate or even hybridize the “world” of agriculture and the “world” of nature protection. But we think that the relationships between these two worlds started before the rise of biodiversity and that they continue to be very diverse: emerging, developing or coming to an end; fraught with tensions or collaborative. We hence seek to propose a more subtle vision of the changing relationships between agriculture and environment, drawing on Actor Network Theory and environmental history. We carried out a sociological survey in three alpine parks (Bauges, Mercantour, Vanoise) where local entrepreneurs have opened trading zones between pastoralism and nature conservation: these are unstable and shifting areas, which people enter or leave, in which they move and meet, but also from which they flee. We show that the production of norms is less important than the conduct of experiments: experiments take place both on a social level (professional trajectories and identities are constructed) and on a technical and scientific level (knowledge is produced and/or shared, practices are modified). Le discours sur la montée d’un paradigme conciliateur autour de la gestion de la biodiversité nous paraît masquer une grande hétérogénéité de relations entre monde agricole et monde de la protection de la nature. En nous fondant sur une enquête sociologique menée dans trois parcs alpins (Bauges, Vanoise, Mercantour), nous analysons l’ouverture d’espaces frontières, zones mouvantes et plastiques de circulation et de rencontre entre les acteurs des parcs et les acteurs agricoles, à l’occasion d’initiatives locales de la part d’acteurs entrepreneurs. Nous montrons que ces espaces se caractérisent moins par leur contenu normatif que par leur production expérimentale, qui se joue à la fois sur un plan social (invention de trajectoires professionnelles et d’identités) et sur un plan technique et scientifique (dynamiques de production et de partage de connaissances, modifications des pratiques).
doi_str_mv 10.1051/nss/2012025
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subjects Environmental Sciences
title Des espaces frontières d’expérimentation entre protection de la nature et pastoralisme
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