Evaluation of the Skin Peptide Defenses of the Oregon Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa Against Infection by the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Population declines due to amphibian chytridiomycosis among selected species of ranid frogs from western North America have been severe, but there is evidence that the Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa Baird and Girard, 1853, displays resistance to the disease. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secret...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of chemical ecology 2013-06, Vol.39 (6), p.797-805 |
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| creator | Conlon, J. Michael Reinert, Laura K. Mechkarska, Milena Prajeep, Manju Meetani, Mohammed A. Coquet, Laurent Jouenne, Thierry Hayes, Marc P. Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen Rollins-Smith, Louise A. |
| description | Population declines due to amphibian chytridiomycosis among selected species of ranid frogs from western North America have been severe, but there is evidence that the Oregon spotted frog,
Rana pretiosa
Baird and Girard, 1853, displays resistance to the disease. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions were collected from a non-declining population of
R. pretiosa
that had been exposed to the causative agent
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
. Peptidomic analysis led to identification and isolation, in pure form, of a total of 18 host-defense peptides that were characterized structurally. Brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd, esculentin-2PRa and -PRb, ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, and -2PRe, temporin-PRb and -PRc were identified in an earlier study of skin secretions of frogs from a different population of
R. pretiosa
known to be declining. Ranatuerin-2PRf, -2PRg, -2PRh, temporin-PRd, -PRe, and -PRf were not identified in skin secretions from frogs from the declining population, whereas temporin-PRa and ranatuerin-2PRd, present in skin secretions from the declining population, were not detected in the current study. All purified peptides inhibited the growth of
B. dendrobatidis
zoospores. Peptides of the brevinin-1 and esculentin-2 families displayed the highest potency (minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25–12.5 μM). The study provides support for the hypothesis that the multiplicity and diversity of the antimicrobial peptide repertoire in
R. pretiosa
and the high growth-inhibitory potency of certain peptides against
B. dendrobatidis
are important in conferring a measure of resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z |
| format | Article |
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Rana pretiosa
Baird and Girard, 1853, displays resistance to the disease. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions were collected from a non-declining population of
R. pretiosa
that had been exposed to the causative agent
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
. Peptidomic analysis led to identification and isolation, in pure form, of a total of 18 host-defense peptides that were characterized structurally. Brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd, esculentin-2PRa and -PRb, ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, and -2PRe, temporin-PRb and -PRc were identified in an earlier study of skin secretions of frogs from a different population of
R. pretiosa
known to be declining. Ranatuerin-2PRf, -2PRg, -2PRh, temporin-PRd, -PRe, and -PRf were not identified in skin secretions from frogs from the declining population, whereas temporin-PRa and ranatuerin-2PRd, present in skin secretions from the declining population, were not detected in the current study. All purified peptides inhibited the growth of
B. dendrobatidis
zoospores. Peptides of the brevinin-1 and esculentin-2 families displayed the highest potency (minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25–12.5 μM). The study provides support for the hypothesis that the multiplicity and diversity of the antimicrobial peptide repertoire in
R. pretiosa
and the high growth-inhibitory potency of certain peptides against
B. dendrobatidis
are important in conferring a measure of resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0098-0331</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-1561</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23653106</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCECD8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amphibia. Reptilia ; Amphibians ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification ; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - chemistry ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - isolation & purification ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology ; Applied ecology ; Biochemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Microscopy ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Bodily Secretions ; Chytridiomycota - drug effects ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife ; Dermatomycoses - metabolism ; Dermatomycoses - veterinary ; Ecology ; Entomology ; Frogs ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Fungi ; General aspects ; Infections ; Life Sciences ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary ; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking ; Peptides ; Population decline ; Population Dynamics ; Ranidae ; Skin ; Skin - chemistry ; Skin - metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - veterinary ; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution ; Washington</subject><ispartof>Journal of chemical ecology, 2013-06, Vol.39 (6), p.797-805</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-98e38cb112f97c38dd5439c2e0923d753f907cdf9dbec237fd542293e801579a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-98e38cb112f97c38dd5439c2e0923d753f907cdf9dbec237fd542293e801579a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0994-9944 ; 0000-0001-7778-7321</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27531332$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653106$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02336867$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Conlon, J. Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reinert, Laura K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mechkarska, Milena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prajeep, Manju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meetani, Mohammed A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coquet, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jouenne, Thierry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayes, Marc P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rollins-Smith, Louise A.</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the Skin Peptide Defenses of the Oregon Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa Against Infection by the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</title><title>Journal of chemical ecology</title><addtitle>J Chem Ecol</addtitle><addtitle>J Chem Ecol</addtitle><description>Population declines due to amphibian chytridiomycosis among selected species of ranid frogs from western North America have been severe, but there is evidence that the Oregon spotted frog,
Rana pretiosa
Baird and Girard, 1853, displays resistance to the disease. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions were collected from a non-declining population of
R. pretiosa
that had been exposed to the causative agent
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
. Peptidomic analysis led to identification and isolation, in pure form, of a total of 18 host-defense peptides that were characterized structurally. Brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd, esculentin-2PRa and -PRb, ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, and -2PRe, temporin-PRb and -PRc were identified in an earlier study of skin secretions of frogs from a different population of
R. pretiosa
known to be declining. Ranatuerin-2PRf, -2PRg, -2PRh, temporin-PRd, -PRe, and -PRf were not identified in skin secretions from frogs from the declining population, whereas temporin-PRa and ranatuerin-2PRd, present in skin secretions from the declining population, were not detected in the current study. All purified peptides inhibited the growth of
B. dendrobatidis
zoospores. Peptides of the brevinin-1 and esculentin-2 families displayed the highest potency (minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25–12.5 μM). The study provides support for the hypothesis that the multiplicity and diversity of the antimicrobial peptide repertoire in
R. pretiosa
and the high growth-inhibitory potency of certain peptides against
B. dendrobatidis
are important in conferring a measure of resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Amphibia. Reptilia</subject><subject>Amphibians</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - chemistry</subject><subject>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Microscopy</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bodily Secretions</subject><subject>Chytridiomycota - drug effects</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</subject><subject>Dermatomycoses - metabolism</subject><subject>Dermatomycoses - veterinary</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Entomology</subject><subject>Frogs</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary</subject><subject>Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Population decline</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>Ranidae</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin - chemistry</subject><subject>Skin - metabolism</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - veterinary</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><subject>Washington</subject><issn>0098-0331</issn><issn>1573-1561</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1uEzEUhS0EoqHwAGyQJcSCxYB_Mj9ehtDSSpGKKKwtj309mZLYg-2plL5IX7dOJi1sWFm69zvH996D0FtKPlFC6s-RkqapCkJ5QZiYF3fP0IyWNS9oWdHnaEaIaArCOT1Br2K8IYSwqilfohPGq5JTUs3Q_dmt2owq9d5hb3FaA77-3Tv8HYbUG8BfwYKLEB-bVwG6jF4PPiUw-Dz4Dv9QTuEhQDaJCi861buY8KWzoA--7e4gXa53KfRZM7pujPiLSkHptdeH8rjFBpwJvs2zmD6-Ri-s2kR4c3xP0a_zs5_Li2J19e1yuVgVek54KkQDvNEtpcyKWvPGmHLOhWZABOOmLrkVpNbGCtOCZry2uc-Y4NCQfCih-Cn6OPmu1UYOod-qsJNe9fJisZL7GmGcV01V39LMvp_YIfg_I8Qkb_wYXB5PUl7WVJT57pmiE6WDjzGAfbKlRO5jk1NsMscm97HJu6x5d3Qe2y2YJ8VjThn4cARU1Gpjg3K6j3-5vCnlnGWOTVzMLddB-GfE__7-AIC_sMg</recordid><startdate>20130601</startdate><enddate>20130601</enddate><creator>Conlon, J. Michael</creator><creator>Reinert, Laura K.</creator><creator>Mechkarska, Milena</creator><creator>Prajeep, Manju</creator><creator>Meetani, Mohammed A.</creator><creator>Coquet, Laurent</creator><creator>Jouenne, Thierry</creator><creator>Hayes, Marc P.</creator><creator>Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen</creator><creator>Rollins-Smith, Louise A.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Springer Verlag</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-9944</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-7321</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20130601</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the Skin Peptide Defenses of the Oregon Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa Against Infection by the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</title><author>Conlon, J. Michael ; Reinert, Laura K. ; Mechkarska, Milena ; Prajeep, Manju ; Meetani, Mohammed A. ; Coquet, Laurent ; Jouenne, Thierry ; Hayes, Marc P. ; Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen ; Rollins-Smith, Louise A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-98e38cb112f97c38dd5439c2e0923d753f907cdf9dbec237fd542293e801579a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Amphibia. Reptilia</topic><topic>Amphibians</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - chemistry</topic><topic>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Microscopy</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bodily Secretions</topic><topic>Chytridiomycota - drug effects</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</topic><topic>Dermatomycoses - metabolism</topic><topic>Dermatomycoses - veterinary</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Entomology</topic><topic>Frogs</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary</topic><topic>Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Population decline</topic><topic>Population Dynamics</topic><topic>Ranidae</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin - chemistry</topic><topic>Skin - metabolism</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - veterinary</topic><topic>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</topic><topic>Washington</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Conlon, J. 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Michael</au><au>Reinert, Laura K.</au><au>Mechkarska, Milena</au><au>Prajeep, Manju</au><au>Meetani, Mohammed A.</au><au>Coquet, Laurent</au><au>Jouenne, Thierry</au><au>Hayes, Marc P.</au><au>Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen</au><au>Rollins-Smith, Louise A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the Skin Peptide Defenses of the Oregon Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa Against Infection by the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of chemical ecology</jtitle><stitle>J Chem Ecol</stitle><addtitle>J Chem Ecol</addtitle><date>2013-06-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>797</spage><epage>805</epage><pages>797-805</pages><issn>0098-0331</issn><eissn>1573-1561</eissn><coden>JCECD8</coden><abstract>Population declines due to amphibian chytridiomycosis among selected species of ranid frogs from western North America have been severe, but there is evidence that the Oregon spotted frog,
Rana pretiosa
Baird and Girard, 1853, displays resistance to the disease. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions were collected from a non-declining population of
R. pretiosa
that had been exposed to the causative agent
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
. Peptidomic analysis led to identification and isolation, in pure form, of a total of 18 host-defense peptides that were characterized structurally. Brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd, esculentin-2PRa and -PRb, ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, and -2PRe, temporin-PRb and -PRc were identified in an earlier study of skin secretions of frogs from a different population of
R. pretiosa
known to be declining. Ranatuerin-2PRf, -2PRg, -2PRh, temporin-PRd, -PRe, and -PRf were not identified in skin secretions from frogs from the declining population, whereas temporin-PRa and ranatuerin-2PRd, present in skin secretions from the declining population, were not detected in the current study. All purified peptides inhibited the growth of
B. dendrobatidis
zoospores. Peptides of the brevinin-1 and esculentin-2 families displayed the highest potency (minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25–12.5 μM). The study provides support for the hypothesis that the multiplicity and diversity of the antimicrobial peptide repertoire in
R. pretiosa
and the high growth-inhibitory potency of certain peptides against
B. dendrobatidis
are important in conferring a measure of resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>23653106</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-9944</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-7321</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0098-0331 |
| ispartof | Journal of chemical ecology, 2013-06, Vol.39 (6), p.797-805 |
| issn | 0098-0331 1573-1561 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02336867v1 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Agriculture Amino Acid Sequence Amphibia. Reptilia Amphibians Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry Anti-Infective Agents - isolation & purification Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - chemistry Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - isolation & purification Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology Applied ecology Biochemistry Biological and medical sciences Biological Microscopy Biomedical and Life Sciences Bodily Secretions Chytridiomycota - drug effects Conservation of Natural Resources Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Dermatomycoses - metabolism Dermatomycoses - veterinary Ecology Entomology Frogs Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungi General aspects Infections Life Sciences Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking Peptides Population decline Population Dynamics Ranidae Skin Skin - chemistry Skin - metabolism Species Specificity Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - veterinary Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Washington |
| title | Evaluation of the Skin Peptide Defenses of the Oregon Spotted Frog Rana pretiosa Against Infection by the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T18%3A31%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_hal_p&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation%20of%20the%20Skin%20Peptide%20Defenses%20of%20the%20Oregon%20Spotted%20Frog%20Rana%20pretiosa%20Against%20Infection%20by%20the%20Chytrid%20Fungus%20Batrachochytrium%20dendrobatidis&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20chemical%20ecology&rft.au=Conlon,%20J.%20Michael&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=797&rft.epage=805&rft.pages=797-805&rft.issn=0098-0331&rft.eissn=1573-1561&rft.coden=JCECD8&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10886-013-0294-z&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_hal_p%3E2984734171%3C/proquest_hal_p%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1357195156&rft_id=info:pmid/23653106&rfr_iscdi=true |