Examining relationships between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation in adolescents using a network approach

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young individuals. Timely and adequate identification of individuals with suicidal ideation could prevent from suicidal behavior. Psychotic experiences (PE) have been shown to increase levels of suicidal ideation (SI) in the general population. Therefore, detailed investigation of the relationship of PE and SI is relevant. However, the exact nature of the relationship between these two phenomena remains unclear. Understanding psychopathology as a complex network of interacting symptoms could be helpful to elucidate specific associations existing between PE and SI. A specific type of network analysis, the Ising model, was used to examine connections between dichotomized questions on psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional study with 1685 adolescents from the general population aged 13–18 years. SI was mostly connected to the PE domains perceptual anomalies (PA) and bizarre experiences (BE), which have higher strength values in the network. Central nodes within these domains, as indexed by higher centrality measures (strength and betweenness) were: auditory experiences (PA1: hearing voices when you are alone), persecutory ideation (BE1: feelings of being persecuted; BE2: conspiracy against you), and social anxiety (SANX) (SANX1: I cannot get close to people). Suicidal ideation is differentially connected to specific psychotic experiences. Auditory PE, persecutory ideation, and social anxiety symptoms could play a central role in the interconnectedness of the two constructs.