Lactic acid bacteria involved in cocoa beans fermentation from Ivory Coast: Species diversity and citrate lyase production

Microbial fermentation is an indispensable process for high quality chocolate from cocoa bean raw material. lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the major microorganisms responsible for cocoa fermentation but their exact role remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of LAB...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of food microbiology 2017-09, Vol.256, p.11-19
Hauptverfasser: Ouattara, Hadja D., Ouattara, Honoré G., Droux, Michel, Reverchon, Sylvie, Nasser, William, Niamke, Sébastien L.
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container_title International journal of food microbiology
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creator Ouattara, Hadja D.
Ouattara, Honoré G.
Droux, Michel
Reverchon, Sylvie
Nasser, William
Niamke, Sébastien L.
description Microbial fermentation is an indispensable process for high quality chocolate from cocoa bean raw material. lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the major microorganisms responsible for cocoa fermentation but their exact role remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of LAB in six cocoa producing regions of Ivory Coast. Ribosomal 16S gene sequence analysis showed that Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides are the dominant LAB species in these six regions. In addition, other species were identified as the minor microbial population, namely Lactobacillus curieae, Enterococcus faecium, Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, Lactobacillus casei, Weissella paramesenteroides and Weissella cibaria. However, in each region, the LAB microbial population was composed of a restricted number of species (maximum 5 species), which varied between the different regions. LAB implication in the breakdown of citric acid was investigated as a fundamental property for a successful cocoa fermentation process. High citrate lyase producer strains were characterized by rapid citric acid consumption, as revealed by a 4-fold decrease in citric acid concentration in the growth medium within 12h, concomitant with an increase in acetic acid and lactic acid concentration. The production of citrate lyase was strongly dependent on environmental conditions, with optimum production at acidic pH (pH
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.008
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In this study, we analyzed the diversity of LAB in six cocoa producing regions of Ivory Coast. Ribosomal 16S gene sequence analysis showed that Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides are the dominant LAB species in these six regions. In addition, other species were identified as the minor microbial population, namely Lactobacillus curieae, Enterococcus faecium, Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, Lactobacillus casei, Weissella paramesenteroides and Weissella cibaria. However, in each region, the LAB microbial population was composed of a restricted number of species (maximum 5 species), which varied between the different regions. LAB implication in the breakdown of citric acid was investigated as a fundamental property for a successful cocoa fermentation process. High citrate lyase producer strains were characterized by rapid citric acid consumption, as revealed by a 4-fold decrease in citric acid concentration in the growth medium within 12h, concomitant with an increase in acetic acid and lactic acid concentration. The production of citrate lyase was strongly dependent on environmental conditions, with optimum production at acidic pH (pH&lt;5), and moderate temperature (30–40°C), which corresponds to conditions prevailing in the early stage of natural cocoa fermentation. 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High citrate lyase producer strains were characterized by rapid citric acid consumption, as revealed by a 4-fold decrease in citric acid concentration in the growth medium within 12h, concomitant with an increase in acetic acid and lactic acid concentration. The production of citrate lyase was strongly dependent on environmental conditions, with optimum production at acidic pH (pH&lt;5), and moderate temperature (30–40°C), which corresponds to conditions prevailing in the early stage of natural cocoa fermentation. This study reveals that one of the major roles of LAB in the cocoa fermentation process involves the breakdown of citric acid during the early stage of cocoa fermentation through the activity of citrate lyase. •L. plantarum and L. mesenteroides are dominant LAB species in Ivory Coast cocoa fermentation.•LAB microflora in each region was composed of a restricted number of species and varied in the different regions.•LAB are involved in the production of citrate degrading enzymes during cocoa fermentation.•Acetic acid and lactic acid are the main products from citrate degradation by LAB isolated.•Citrate lyase production mainly affected by pH and temperature may occur in the first stage of cocoa fermentation.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>28578265</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.008</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0478-3474</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-3597</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-2046</orcidid></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid - metabolism
Bacteria
Beans
Biodiversity
Breakdown
Cacao
Cacao - microbiology
Chocolate
Citrate lyase production
Citric Acid
Citric Acid - metabolism
Citric acid degradation
Coastal environments
Cocoa
Cocoa beans
Cocoa fermentation
Cote d'Ivoire
Culture Media
Culture Media - metabolism
Environmental conditions
Fermentation
Fermentation - physiology
Ivory Coast
Lactic Acid
Lactic Acid - metabolism
Lactic acid bacteria
Lactobacilli
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus plantarum - classification
Lactobacillus plantarum - genetics
Lactobacillus plantarum - isolation & purification
Lactobacillus plantarum - metabolism
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Leuconostoc mesenteroides - classification
Leuconostoc mesenteroides - genetics
Leuconostoc mesenteroides - isolation & purification
Leuconostoc mesenteroides - metabolism
Life Sciences
Microbiology and Parasitology
Microorganisms
Multienzyme Complexes
Multienzyme Complexes - biosynthesis
Multienzyme Complexes - metabolism
Oxo-Acid-Lyases
Oxo-Acid-Lyases - biosynthesis
Oxo-Acid-Lyases - metabolism
pH effects
Raw materials
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Species diversity
title Lactic acid bacteria involved in cocoa beans fermentation from Ivory Coast: Species diversity and citrate lyase production
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