Tidal cycle control of biogeochemical and ecological properties of a macrotidal ecosystem

In some regions, tidal energy can be a key factor in the generation of variability in physical and biogeochemical properties throughout the water column. We use a numerical model resolving tidal cycles and simulating diversity in phytoplankton to assess the impact of tidal mixing on vertical stability and phytoplankton community (total biomass and diversity) in a macrotidal sea (Iroise Sea, France). Two different time scales have been considered: semidiurnal and spring/neap tidal cycles. Our results show that the latter is the one primarily influencing the phytoplankton growth conditions by modifying the vertical stratification. During spring tide, the growth is rather light limited, whereas neap tide conditions lead to vertical stabilization and better light conditions in the shallow surface layer. The transition from high to low tidal mixing conditions is thus associated with a total phytoplankton biomass increase (caused by the rapid development of fast‐growing diatoms) and reduced phytoplankton diversity. Key Points Numerical model resolving semidiurnal and spring/neap tidal cycles in a macrotidal ecosystem Spring/neap tidal cycle impacts the water column mixing and shapes the phytoplankton community in shallow waters (~100 m) Semidiurnal tidal cycle has a minor effect on phytoplankton and its role is modulated by the lower frequency variability (spring/neap tides)