Outcomes of Rehepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Contemporary Multi-Institutional Analysis from the French Surgical Association Database

Background Recurrence remains frequent after curative-intent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to define short- and long-term outcomes, and identify prehepatectomy factors associated with survival, following rehepatectomy (RH) for recurrence. Methods We conducted a multi-institutional cohort study of hepatectomy for CRLM over 2006–2013. Second-stage resections were excluded. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) assessed using Kaplan–Meier methods. Secondary outcomes included 30-day overall morbidity and mortality, and survival from recurrence. Outcomes of RH and initial hepatectomy (IH) were compared. Results Of 2771 hepatectomies included in the study, 447 were RH. Median operative time, 30-day morbidity, mortality, and median length of stay did not differ for RH and IH. Five-year OS did not statistically differ, i.e. 56.5 % from RH and 67.6 % from IH [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.9, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.5–1.7], and 5-year RFS was inferior after RH (18.5 vs. 28.8 %; adjusted HR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.0–1.7). In patients who eventually recurred, 5-year survival from the time of recurrence did not differ whether it was after RH (46.5 %) or after IH (60.3 %) (adjusted HR 1.1, 95 % CI 0.8–1.8). Rectal primary tumor (HR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.0–2.1) and metastasis ≥3 cm (HR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1–2.7) were independently associated with RFS, but not OS, after RH. Conclusion Short-term outcomes of RH did not differ from IH. While recurrence was more frequent after RH than IH, it did not impact OS. Survival from the time of recurrence did not differ whether recurrence occurred after RH or after IH. CRLM recurrence can be treated with curative intent with excellent long-term outcomes.