Equilibrium characterization and thermodynamic calculations on highly alloyed refractory steels

A comparison has been made between the phase equilibrium calculated within the Calphad method with different thermodynamic databases (TCFE7, TCNI5, TTNI7) and experimental data obtained on a Nb–Ti-modified industrial HP grade. The experimental measurements include phase equilibrium data at different temperatures and liquidus/solidus determination. The obtained agreement between experiments and calculations is generally good. Conclusions are made concerning the most suitable thermodynamic database to describe highly alloyed austenitic refractory steels. •Experimental phase equilibrium measurements on industrial refractory steels.•Thermodynamic Calphad calculations of the phase equilibrium.•Benchmark of different thermodynamic databases.•Comparison between experimental and calculated results.