Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines
Background Despite the health benefits of swimming as a form of exercise, evidence exists that both the swimming pool environment and endurance exercise are etiologic factors in the development of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in swimmers is high compared with that in participants in other Olympi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2015-09, Vol.136 (3), p.588-594 |
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| creator | Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC Bougault, Valerie, PhD van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS |
| description | Background Despite the health benefits of swimming as a form of exercise, evidence exists that both the swimming pool environment and endurance exercise are etiologic factors in the development of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in swimmers is high compared with that in participants in other Olympic sport disciplines. There are no publications comparing the prevalence of asthma in the 5 aquatic disciplines. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the prevalence of asthma in the aquatic disciplines and in contrast with other Olympic sports. Methods Therapeutic Use Exemptions containing objective evidence of athlete asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were collected for all aquatic athletes participating in swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, and open water swimming for major events during the time period from 2004-2009. The prevalence of asthma/AHR in the aquatic disciplines was analyzed for statistical significance (with 95% CIs) and also compared with that in other Olympic sports. Results Swimming had the highest prevalence of asthma/AHR in comparison with the other aquatic disciplines. The endurance aquatic disciplines have a higher prevalence of asthma/AHR than the aquatic nonendurance disciplines. Asthma/AHR is more common in Oceania, Europe, and North America than in Asia, Africa, and South America. In comparison with other Olympic sports, swimming, synchronized swimming, and open water swimming were among the top 5 sports for asthma/AHR prevalence. Conclusion Asthma/AHR in the endurance aquatic disciplines is common at the elite level and has a varied geographic distribution. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for development of aquatic discipline–specific prevention, screening, and treatment regimens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.041 |
| format | Article |
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The prevalence of asthma in swimmers is high compared with that in participants in other Olympic sport disciplines. There are no publications comparing the prevalence of asthma in the 5 aquatic disciplines. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the prevalence of asthma in the aquatic disciplines and in contrast with other Olympic sports. Methods Therapeutic Use Exemptions containing objective evidence of athlete asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were collected for all aquatic athletes participating in swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, and open water swimming for major events during the time period from 2004-2009. The prevalence of asthma/AHR in the aquatic disciplines was analyzed for statistical significance (with 95% CIs) and also compared with that in other Olympic sports. Results Swimming had the highest prevalence of asthma/AHR in comparison with the other aquatic disciplines. The endurance aquatic disciplines have a higher prevalence of asthma/AHR than the aquatic nonendurance disciplines. Asthma/AHR is more common in Oceania, Europe, and North America than in Asia, Africa, and South America. In comparison with other Olympic sports, swimming, synchronized swimming, and open water swimming were among the top 5 sports for asthma/AHR prevalence. Conclusion Asthma/AHR in the endurance aquatic disciplines is common at the elite level and has a varied geographic distribution. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for development of aquatic discipline–specific prevention, screening, and treatment regimens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0091-6749</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6825</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.041</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25819982</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>airway hyperresponsiveness ; Airway management ; Allergy and Immunology ; Asia - epidemiology ; Asthma ; Asthma - diagnosis ; Asthma - epidemiology ; Athletes ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity - diagnosis ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity - epidemiology ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; diving ; endurance training ; Europe - epidemiology ; exercise-induced bronchoconstriction ; Female ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Martial arts ; Modern pentathlon ; North America - epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases - diagnosis ; Occupational Diseases - epidemiology ; Olympic Games ; Physical Endurance ; Prevalence ; Smooth muscle ; Swimming ; Swimming Pools ; Synchronized swimming ; water polo</subject><ispartof>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2015-09, Vol.136 (3), p.588-594</ispartof><rights>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology</rights><rights>2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Sep 2015</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c686t-60dcdef482791f929c728a5f10139cfa51a30665c8660a2b8d6731605dba02cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c686t-60dcdef482791f929c728a5f10139cfa51a30665c8660a2b8d6731605dba02cc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7136-6382 ; 0000-0002-2258-6562 ; 0000-0001-9227-8234</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674915001864$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25819982$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-01758332$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bougault, Valerie, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines</title><title>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</title><addtitle>J Allergy Clin Immunol</addtitle><description>Background Despite the health benefits of swimming as a form of exercise, evidence exists that both the swimming pool environment and endurance exercise are etiologic factors in the development of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in swimmers is high compared with that in participants in other Olympic sport disciplines. There are no publications comparing the prevalence of asthma in the 5 aquatic disciplines. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the prevalence of asthma in the aquatic disciplines and in contrast with other Olympic sports. Methods Therapeutic Use Exemptions containing objective evidence of athlete asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were collected for all aquatic athletes participating in swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, and open water swimming for major events during the time period from 2004-2009. The prevalence of asthma/AHR in the aquatic disciplines was analyzed for statistical significance (with 95% CIs) and also compared with that in other Olympic sports. Results Swimming had the highest prevalence of asthma/AHR in comparison with the other aquatic disciplines. The endurance aquatic disciplines have a higher prevalence of asthma/AHR than the aquatic nonendurance disciplines. Asthma/AHR is more common in Oceania, Europe, and North America than in Asia, Africa, and South America. In comparison with other Olympic sports, swimming, synchronized swimming, and open water swimming were among the top 5 sports for asthma/AHR prevalence. Conclusion Asthma/AHR in the endurance aquatic disciplines is common at the elite level and has a varied geographic distribution. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for development of aquatic discipline–specific prevention, screening, and treatment regimens.</description><subject>airway hyperresponsiveness</subject><subject>Airway management</subject><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Asia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Asthma - diagnosis</subject><subject>Asthma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Bronchial Hyperreactivity - diagnosis</subject><subject>Bronchial Hyperreactivity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bronchial Provocation Tests</subject><subject>diving</subject><subject>endurance training</subject><subject>Europe - epidemiology</subject><subject>exercise-induced bronchoconstriction</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Martial arts</subject><subject>Modern pentathlon</subject><subject>North America - epidemiology</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Olympic Games</subject><subject>Physical Endurance</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Smooth muscle</subject><subject>Swimming</subject><subject>Swimming Pools</subject><subject>Synchronized swimming</subject><subject>water polo</subject><issn>0091-6749</issn><issn>1097-6825</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNklGL1DAQgIMo3t7qH_BBCr54D60zSZMmIMKxqCcsKKjPIZukbGq33Uvahfv3pux5wj2ITyHJN8PMfEPIK4QKAcW7ruqMDRUF5BVgBTU-ISsE1ZRCUv6UrAAUlqKp1QW5TKmDfGdSPScXlEtUStIV2XyL_mR6P1hfmMEVdm-isZOPIU3BpmJsC5Om_cEUYSimfYZuZ5N_CheSDcc-DD69IM9a0yf_8v5ck5-fPv7Y3JTbr5-_bK63pRVSTKUAZ51va0kbha2iyjZUGt7mXpiyreFoGAjBrRQCDN1JJxqGArjbGaDWsjW5Oufdm14fYziYeKdHE_TN9VYvb4ANl4zRE2b27Zk9xvF29mnSh1yw73sz-HFOGhvMc2G8gf9BQXDK8vDW5M0jtBvnOOSmMwWK1ijkkpCeKRvHlKJvH4pF0Is53enFnF7M5aJ1NpeDXt-nnncH7x5C_qjKwPsz4POIT8FHnQUs3lyI3k7ajeHf-T88CrdZXrCm_-XvfPrbh05Ug_6-7M6yOsgBUIqa_QaeQ7sv</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med</creator><creator>Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM</creator><creator>Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC</creator><creator>Bougault, Valerie, PhD</creator><creator>van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS</creator><creator>Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-6382</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-6562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8234</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150901</creationdate><title>Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines</title><author>Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med ; Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM ; Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC ; Bougault, Valerie, PhD ; van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS ; Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c686t-60dcdef482791f929c728a5f10139cfa51a30665c8660a2b8d6731605dba02cc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>airway hyperresponsiveness</topic><topic>Airway management</topic><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Asia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Asthma - diagnosis</topic><topic>Asthma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Bronchial Hyperreactivity - diagnosis</topic><topic>Bronchial Hyperreactivity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Bronchial Provocation Tests</topic><topic>diving</topic><topic>endurance training</topic><topic>Europe - epidemiology</topic><topic>exercise-induced bronchoconstriction</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Martial arts</topic><topic>Modern pentathlon</topic><topic>North America - epidemiology</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Occupational Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Olympic Games</topic><topic>Physical Endurance</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Smooth muscle</topic><topic>Swimming</topic><topic>Swimming Pools</topic><topic>Synchronized swimming</topic><topic>water polo</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bougault, Valerie, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mountjoy, Margo, MD, CCFP, FCFP, FACSM, Dip Sport Med</au><au>Fitch, Ken, MBBS, MD, FACRM, FACSP, FACSM</au><au>Boulet, Louis-Philippe, MD, FCCP, FRCPC</au><au>Bougault, Valerie, PhD</au><au>van Mechelen, Willem, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS</au><au>Verhagen, Evert, PhD, FECSS</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines</atitle><jtitle>Journal of allergy and clinical immunology</jtitle><addtitle>J Allergy Clin Immunol</addtitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>136</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>588</spage><epage>594</epage><pages>588-594</pages><issn>0091-6749</issn><eissn>1097-6825</eissn><abstract>Background Despite the health benefits of swimming as a form of exercise, evidence exists that both the swimming pool environment and endurance exercise are etiologic factors in the development of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in swimmers is high compared with that in participants in other Olympic sport disciplines. There are no publications comparing the prevalence of asthma in the 5 aquatic disciplines. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the prevalence of asthma in the aquatic disciplines and in contrast with other Olympic sports. Methods Therapeutic Use Exemptions containing objective evidence of athlete asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were collected for all aquatic athletes participating in swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, and open water swimming for major events during the time period from 2004-2009. The prevalence of asthma/AHR in the aquatic disciplines was analyzed for statistical significance (with 95% CIs) and also compared with that in other Olympic sports. Results Swimming had the highest prevalence of asthma/AHR in comparison with the other aquatic disciplines. The endurance aquatic disciplines have a higher prevalence of asthma/AHR than the aquatic nonendurance disciplines. Asthma/AHR is more common in Oceania, Europe, and North America than in Asia, Africa, and South America. In comparison with other Olympic sports, swimming, synchronized swimming, and open water swimming were among the top 5 sports for asthma/AHR prevalence. Conclusion Asthma/AHR in the endurance aquatic disciplines is common at the elite level and has a varied geographic distribution. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for development of aquatic discipline–specific prevention, screening, and treatment regimens.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25819982</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.041</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-6382</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-6562</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8234</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | airway hyperresponsiveness Airway management Allergy and Immunology Asia - epidemiology Asthma Asthma - diagnosis Asthma - epidemiology Athletes Bronchial Hyperreactivity - diagnosis Bronchial Hyperreactivity - epidemiology Bronchial Provocation Tests diving endurance training Europe - epidemiology exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Female Humans Life Sciences Male Martial arts Modern pentathlon North America - epidemiology Occupational Diseases - diagnosis Occupational Diseases - epidemiology Olympic Games Physical Endurance Prevalence Smooth muscle Swimming Swimming Pools Synchronized swimming water polo |
| title | Prevalence and characteristics of asthma in the aquatic disciplines |
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