Influence of the Allelic Variants Encoded at the Gli-B1 Locus, Responsible for a Major Allergen of Wheat, on IgE Reactivity for Patients Suffering from Food Allergy to Wheat

Wheat presents an important genetic diversity that could be useful to look for cultivars with reduced allergencity. ω5-Gliadins have been described as major allergens for wheat allergic patients suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and some cases of chronic urticaria (U). Our objective was to study the influence of genetic variability at the Gli-B1 locus encoding for ω5-gliadins on the reactivity of IgE antibodies from these patients. We selected cultivars expressing 13 alleles at Gli-B1 including a wheat/rye translocation and studied the reactivity to gliadins of a rabbit antiserum specific for ω5-gliadins and of IgE from 10 patients. The antiserum and IgE from nine patients with WDEIA and U strongly detected ω5-gliadins expressed by most of the Gli-B1 alleles but showed no or faint responses to the gliadins and secalins extracted from the translocated wheat. The selection of genotypes lacking the Gli-B1 locus may reduce wheat allergenicity. Keywords: Wheat; food allergy; exercise induced anaphylaxis; ω5-gliadins; allelic variants