Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
► Differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii frankincense species. ► Chiral GC–MS of monoterpenes. ► Optical rotation of frankincense essential oils. ► Enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds. Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Bo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Chromatography A 2012-10, Vol.1261, p.158-163 |
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| creator | Woolley, Cole L. Suhail, Mahmoud M. Smith, Brett L. Boren, Karen E. Taylor, Lindsey C. Schreuder, Marc F. Chai, Jeremiah K. Casabianca, Hervé Haq, Sadqa Lin, Hsueh-Kung Al-Shahri, Ahmed A. Al-Hatmi, Saif Young, D. Gary |
| description | ► Differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii frankincense species. ► Chiral GC–MS of monoterpenes. ► Optical rotation of frankincense essential oils. ► Enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds.
Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are α-thujene (0.6%), α-pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), β-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+β-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are α-thujene (7.9%), α-pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), β-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+β-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC–MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1°) and B. carterii (−13.3°), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(−) values of α-pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.073 |
| format | Article |
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Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are α-thujene (0.6%), α-pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), β-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+β-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are α-thujene (7.9%), α-pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), β-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+β-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC–MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1°) and B. carterii (−13.3°), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(−) values of α-pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9673</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3778</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.073</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22835693</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>alpha-pinene ; Analytical chemistry ; beta-pinene ; Boswellia - chemistry ; Boswellia carterii ; Boswellia sacra ; camphene ; chemical analysis ; Chemical Sciences ; Chirality ; Chromatography, Gas ; essential oils ; Frankincense ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods ; GC–MS ; myrcene ; Oils, Volatile - analysis ; Oils, Volatile - chemistry ; Oman ; Optical rotation ; sabinene ; Somalia ; Stereoisomerism</subject><ispartof>Journal of Chromatography A, 2012-10, Vol.1261, p.158-163</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Attribution - NonCommercial</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-ca6f75781857b601d3a39e3608641130a9d6ddef5a99ce76561ac5cf5bef9bd73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-ca6f75781857b601d3a39e3608641130a9d6ddef5a99ce76561ac5cf5bef9bd73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1207-829X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967312009673$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22835693$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-01003940$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Woolley, Cole L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhail, Mahmoud M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Brett L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boren, Karen E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Lindsey C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreuder, Marc F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Jeremiah K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casabianca, Hervé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haq, Sadqa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hsueh-Kung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Shahri, Ahmed A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Hatmi, Saif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, D. Gary</creatorcontrib><title>Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</title><title>Journal of Chromatography A</title><addtitle>J Chromatogr A</addtitle><description>► Differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii frankincense species. ► Chiral GC–MS of monoterpenes. ► Optical rotation of frankincense essential oils. ► Enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds.
Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are α-thujene (0.6%), α-pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), β-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+β-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are α-thujene (7.9%), α-pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), β-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+β-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC–MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1°) and B. carterii (−13.3°), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(−) values of α-pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.</description><subject>alpha-pinene</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>beta-pinene</subject><subject>Boswellia - chemistry</subject><subject>Boswellia carterii</subject><subject>Boswellia sacra</subject><subject>camphene</subject><subject>chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chemical Sciences</subject><subject>Chirality</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>essential oils</subject><subject>Frankincense</subject><subject>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>GC–MS</subject><subject>myrcene</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - analysis</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - chemistry</subject><subject>Oman</subject><subject>Optical rotation</subject><subject>sabinene</subject><subject>Somalia</subject><subject>Stereoisomerism</subject><issn>0021-9673</issn><issn>1873-3778</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAURSMEokPhDxB4CYsEO47teINURkCRRmIBXVsvzsvEoyQe7Eyr2fEPrPg9vgRPUyokJFaW3jv3-uneLHvOaMEok292he2DH6EoKSsLKguq-INsxWrFc65U_TBbUVqyXEvFz7InMe4oZYqq8nF2VpY1F1LzVfZz3ePoLAykdV2HAafZwez8RHxH3vl4g8PggESwAQhM7V8zC2HG4BzBGG9lA_FuiKQ5ki1Eslw3-22AfX-81drehUT9u_31_ccIMZK4RzunBc7h-DR71MEQ8dnde55dfXj_dX2Zbz5__LS-2OS2EnzOLchOCVWzWqhGUtZy4Bq5pLWsGOMUdCvbFjsBWltUUkgGVthONNjpplX8PHu9-PYwmH1wI4Sj8eDM5cXGnGaUUcp1Ra9ZYl8t7D74bweMsxldtCkOmNAfomGSi9SN5iKh1YLa4GMM2N17M2pOBZqdWUIwpwINlSYVmGQv7n44NCO296I_jSXg5QJ04A1sg4vm6ktyEKndWktdJeLtQmBK7dphMNE6nCy2LqR4Tevd_2_4DWf6u6Q</recordid><startdate>20121026</startdate><enddate>20121026</enddate><creator>Woolley, Cole L.</creator><creator>Suhail, Mahmoud M.</creator><creator>Smith, Brett L.</creator><creator>Boren, Karen E.</creator><creator>Taylor, Lindsey C.</creator><creator>Schreuder, Marc F.</creator><creator>Chai, Jeremiah K.</creator><creator>Casabianca, Hervé</creator><creator>Haq, Sadqa</creator><creator>Lin, Hsueh-Kung</creator><creator>Al-Shahri, Ahmed A.</creator><creator>Al-Hatmi, Saif</creator><creator>Young, D. Gary</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-829X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20121026</creationdate><title>Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</title><author>Woolley, Cole L. ; Suhail, Mahmoud M. ; Smith, Brett L. ; Boren, Karen E. ; Taylor, Lindsey C. ; Schreuder, Marc F. ; Chai, Jeremiah K. ; Casabianca, Hervé ; Haq, Sadqa ; Lin, Hsueh-Kung ; Al-Shahri, Ahmed A. ; Al-Hatmi, Saif ; Young, D. Gary</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-ca6f75781857b601d3a39e3608641130a9d6ddef5a99ce76561ac5cf5bef9bd73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>alpha-pinene</topic><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>beta-pinene</topic><topic>Boswellia - chemistry</topic><topic>Boswellia carterii</topic><topic>Boswellia sacra</topic><topic>camphene</topic><topic>chemical analysis</topic><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Chirality</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>essential oils</topic><topic>Frankincense</topic><topic>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods</topic><topic>GC–MS</topic><topic>myrcene</topic><topic>Oils, Volatile - analysis</topic><topic>Oils, Volatile - chemistry</topic><topic>Oman</topic><topic>Optical rotation</topic><topic>sabinene</topic><topic>Somalia</topic><topic>Stereoisomerism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Woolley, Cole L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhail, Mahmoud M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Brett L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boren, Karen E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Lindsey C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreuder, Marc F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Jeremiah K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casabianca, Hervé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haq, Sadqa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hsueh-Kung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Shahri, Ahmed A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Hatmi, Saif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, D. Gary</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woolley, Cole L.</au><au>Suhail, Mahmoud M.</au><au>Smith, Brett L.</au><au>Boren, Karen E.</au><au>Taylor, Lindsey C.</au><au>Schreuder, Marc F.</au><au>Chai, Jeremiah K.</au><au>Casabianca, Hervé</au><au>Haq, Sadqa</au><au>Lin, Hsueh-Kung</au><au>Al-Shahri, Ahmed A.</au><au>Al-Hatmi, Saif</au><au>Young, D. Gary</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Chromatography A</jtitle><addtitle>J Chromatogr A</addtitle><date>2012-10-26</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>1261</volume><spage>158</spage><epage>163</epage><pages>158-163</pages><issn>0021-9673</issn><eissn>1873-3778</eissn><abstract>► Differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii frankincense species. ► Chiral GC–MS of monoterpenes. ► Optical rotation of frankincense essential oils. ► Enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds.
Major botanical and scientific references currently identify two species of frankincense, Boswellia carterii and Boswellia sacra, as being synonymous. We evaluated the Somalian (B. carterii) and Omani/Yemeni (B. sacra) species by chemical analyses to determine if there were any minor or major differences between the two species of frankincense. Components identified with their average percent for B. sacra are α-thujene (0.6%), α-pinene (68.2%), camphene (2.1%), sabinene (2.9%), β-pinene (2.0%), myrcene (0.7%), limonene+β-phellandrene (6.2%). Components identified with their average percent for B. carterii are α-thujene (7.9%), α-pinene (37.3%), camphene (0.8%), sabinene (4.9%), β-pinene (1.8%), myrcene (7.3%), limonene+β-phellandrene (14.4%). Initially, GC–MS analysis did not reveal major statistical differences. However, optical rotation values, B. Sacra (+30.1°) and B. carterii (−13.3°), demonstrated a greater significant difference. Enantiomeric ratio (+)/(−) values of α-pinene for B. sacra and B. carterii are 8.24 and 0.68, respectively, were also calculated aiding our conclusion that B. sacra and B. carterii are not synonymous but rather two distinct and individual frankincense species.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22835693</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.073</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-829X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | alpha-pinene Analytical chemistry beta-pinene Boswellia - chemistry Boswellia carterii Boswellia sacra camphene chemical analysis Chemical Sciences Chirality Chromatography, Gas essential oils Frankincense gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods GC–MS myrcene Oils, Volatile - analysis Oils, Volatile - chemistry Oman Optical rotation sabinene Somalia Stereoisomerism |
| title | Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
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