Injury incidence rates of cyclists compared to pedestrians, car occupants and powered two-wheeler riders, using a medical registry and mobility data, Rhône County, France
•Injury rates were estimated using a medical registry and a regional travel survey.•The all-injury rate is 8 times higher for cyclists than for car occupants.•It is 42 times higher for powered two-wheeler users.•For cyclists, the rate seems higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas.•The cyclists...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Accident analysis and prevention 2013-09, Vol.58, p.35-45 |
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| description | •Injury rates were estimated using a medical registry and a regional travel survey.•The all-injury rate is 8 times higher for cyclists than for car occupants.•It is 42 times higher for powered two-wheeler users.•For cyclists, the rate seems higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas.•The cyclists’ injury rates seem to decrease more than that of car occupants.
In France, the bicycle's modal share is stabilizing after a decline; in some of France's major cities, it has even increased since the 1990s. It is hence relevant to improve the knowledge of the injury risk associated with cycling, compared with other means of transport such as car, walking and powered two-wheeler (PTW) riding.
The injury incidence rates were estimated by the ratio between accident data and mobility (exposure) data. Two accident data sources were used: police data and hospital-based data (outpatients and inpatients) from the Rhône road trauma Registry. This provides four injury categories: all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury. Exposure data were estimated from a regional household travel survey (RTS), using three measures of mobility: number of trips, distance traveled and time spent traveling. The survey was carried out from November 2005 to April 2006, on weekdays, outside school and public holidays; this seasonality was corrected using the 2007–2008 national household travel survey (NTS) that covered an entire year. Only information involving accidents and trips in, and residents of, the Rhône County (1.6 million inhabitants, including the city Lyon) were included in our study. Trends of injury rates were also evaluated in Greater Lyon, using previous travel surveys.
The PTW riders had the highest all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates, followed by cyclists, and lastly by pedestrians and car occupants. The rates between men and women seemed similar among pedestrians and among car occupants. For car occupants, pedestrians and cyclists, the age group 18–25 years had higher all-injury rate compared with the age group 25–65 years. On the contrary, the age group ≥65 years seemed to have higher hospitalization and serious-injury rates, compared with the age group 25–65 years. For cyclists, the injury rates seemed higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas. Between 1996–1997 and 2005–2006 and with regards to time spent traveling, the all-injury, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates seemed to have decreased for car occupants and cy |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.018 |
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In France, the bicycle's modal share is stabilizing after a decline; in some of France's major cities, it has even increased since the 1990s. It is hence relevant to improve the knowledge of the injury risk associated with cycling, compared with other means of transport such as car, walking and powered two-wheeler (PTW) riding.
The injury incidence rates were estimated by the ratio between accident data and mobility (exposure) data. Two accident data sources were used: police data and hospital-based data (outpatients and inpatients) from the Rhône road trauma Registry. This provides four injury categories: all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury. Exposure data were estimated from a regional household travel survey (RTS), using three measures of mobility: number of trips, distance traveled and time spent traveling. The survey was carried out from November 2005 to April 2006, on weekdays, outside school and public holidays; this seasonality was corrected using the 2007–2008 national household travel survey (NTS) that covered an entire year. Only information involving accidents and trips in, and residents of, the Rhône County (1.6 million inhabitants, including the city Lyon) were included in our study. Trends of injury rates were also evaluated in Greater Lyon, using previous travel surveys.
The PTW riders had the highest all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates, followed by cyclists, and lastly by pedestrians and car occupants. The rates between men and women seemed similar among pedestrians and among car occupants. For car occupants, pedestrians and cyclists, the age group 18–25 years had higher all-injury rate compared with the age group 25–65 years. On the contrary, the age group ≥65 years seemed to have higher hospitalization and serious-injury rates, compared with the age group 25–65 years. For cyclists, the injury rates seemed higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas. Between 1996–1997 and 2005–2006 and with regards to time spent traveling, the all-injury, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates seemed to have decreased for car occupants and cyclists.
The higher risk for PTW riders is confirmed and quantified; it is very high. Decrease in injury rates seems more marked for cyclists; this may indicate the “safety in numbers” effect. Countermeasures for improving road safety could be implemented, especially for vulnerable road user types. However, they will not be sufficient to fill in the gap between the much higher risk for PTW riders and that of car occupants. Exposure-based injury rates can be a tool for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programs, and for comparisons between countries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0001-4575</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2057</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.018</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23689204</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Abbreviated Injury Scale ; Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Automobiles - statistics & numerical data ; Bicycling - injuries ; Bicycling - statistics & numerical data ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclists ; Epidemiology ; Female ; France - epidemiology ; General aspects ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Mobility ; Motorcycles - statistics & numerical data ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevention and actions ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Road injury risk ; Road trauma registry ; Sex Distribution ; Sociology ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Travel survey ; Trends ; Walking - injuries ; Walking - statistics & numerical data ; Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Accident analysis and prevention, 2013-09, Vol.58, p.35-45</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-6946fa06e3af817220758e833555c316a4342dda52917d45a0de0fa29879fe113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-6946fa06e3af817220758e833555c316a4342dda52917d45a0de0fa29879fe113</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1918-1430</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.018$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3549,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27701518$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23689204$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-00852588$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blaizot, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papon, Francis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haddak, Mohamed Mouloud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amoros, Emmanuelle</creatorcontrib><title>Injury incidence rates of cyclists compared to pedestrians, car occupants and powered two-wheeler riders, using a medical registry and mobility data, Rhône County, France</title><title>Accident analysis and prevention</title><addtitle>Accid Anal Prev</addtitle><description>•Injury rates were estimated using a medical registry and a regional travel survey.•The all-injury rate is 8 times higher for cyclists than for car occupants.•It is 42 times higher for powered two-wheeler users.•For cyclists, the rate seems higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas.•The cyclists’ injury rates seem to decrease more than that of car occupants.
In France, the bicycle's modal share is stabilizing after a decline; in some of France's major cities, it has even increased since the 1990s. It is hence relevant to improve the knowledge of the injury risk associated with cycling, compared with other means of transport such as car, walking and powered two-wheeler (PTW) riding.
The injury incidence rates were estimated by the ratio between accident data and mobility (exposure) data. Two accident data sources were used: police data and hospital-based data (outpatients and inpatients) from the Rhône road trauma Registry. This provides four injury categories: all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury. Exposure data were estimated from a regional household travel survey (RTS), using three measures of mobility: number of trips, distance traveled and time spent traveling. The survey was carried out from November 2005 to April 2006, on weekdays, outside school and public holidays; this seasonality was corrected using the 2007–2008 national household travel survey (NTS) that covered an entire year. Only information involving accidents and trips in, and residents of, the Rhône County (1.6 million inhabitants, including the city Lyon) were included in our study. Trends of injury rates were also evaluated in Greater Lyon, using previous travel surveys.
The PTW riders had the highest all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates, followed by cyclists, and lastly by pedestrians and car occupants. The rates between men and women seemed similar among pedestrians and among car occupants. For car occupants, pedestrians and cyclists, the age group 18–25 years had higher all-injury rate compared with the age group 25–65 years. On the contrary, the age group ≥65 years seemed to have higher hospitalization and serious-injury rates, compared with the age group 25–65 years. For cyclists, the injury rates seemed higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas. Between 1996–1997 and 2005–2006 and with regards to time spent traveling, the all-injury, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates seemed to have decreased for car occupants and cyclists.
The higher risk for PTW riders is confirmed and quantified; it is very high. Decrease in injury rates seems more marked for cyclists; this may indicate the “safety in numbers” effect. Countermeasures for improving road safety could be implemented, especially for vulnerable road user types. However, they will not be sufficient to fill in the gap between the much higher risk for PTW riders and that of car occupants. Exposure-based injury rates can be a tool for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programs, and for comparisons between countries.</description><subject>Abbreviated Injury Scale</subject><subject>Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Automobiles - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Bicycling - injuries</subject><subject>Bicycling - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cyclists</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>France - epidemiology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mobility</subject><subject>Motorcycles - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Prevention and actions</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Road injury risk</subject><subject>Road trauma registry</subject><subject>Sex Distribution</subject><subject>Sociology</subject><subject>Trauma Severity Indices</subject><subject>Travel survey</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Walking - injuries</subject><subject>Walking - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0001-4575</issn><issn>1879-2057</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFktGK1DAUhoso7rj6AN5IbgSF6Zi0SZOyV8vgugsDguh1OJuc7mToNDVpd-gzeesb-GKmO-N6p1cl5TtfDv-fLHvN6IpRVn3YrQD6VUFZuaJ8RZl6ki2YknVeUCGfZgtKKcu5kOIsexHjLh2lkuJ5dlaUlaoLyhfZj5tuN4aJuM44i51BEmDASHxDzGRaF4dIjN_3ENCSwZMeLcYhOOjikhgIxBsz9tAlDDpLen_AB_Lg88MWscVAQhKHRI_RdXcEyB6tM9CSgHdJn-6eB_f-1rVumIiFAZbky_bXzw7J2o_dMC3JVYC02svsWQNtxFen73n27erj1_V1vvn86WZ9uckNl2rIq5pXDdAKS2gUk0VBpVCoylIIYUpWAS95YS2IombScgHUIm2gqFNyDTJWnmfvj94ttLoPbg9h0h6cvr7c6PkfpUoUQqn7mX13ZPvgv48pGr130WDbQod-jJpVFeXJKev_o7ykZa2Ymq3siJrgYwzYPK7BqJ6r1zudqtdz9ZpynapPM29O-vE2Rfw48afrBLw9ARBT_s2cqYt_OSkpEw-iiyOHKeN7h0FH4-anYV1AM2jr3T_W-A0MNsy2</recordid><startdate>20130901</startdate><enddate>20130901</enddate><creator>Blaizot, Stéphanie</creator><creator>Papon, Francis</creator><creator>Haddak, Mohamed Mouloud</creator><creator>Amoros, Emmanuelle</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>BXJBU</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-1430</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20130901</creationdate><title>Injury incidence rates of cyclists compared to pedestrians, car occupants and powered two-wheeler riders, using a medical registry and mobility data, Rhône County, France</title><author>Blaizot, Stéphanie ; Papon, Francis ; Haddak, Mohamed Mouloud ; Amoros, Emmanuelle</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-6946fa06e3af817220758e833555c316a4342dda52917d45a0de0fa29879fe113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Abbreviated Injury Scale</topic><topic>Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Automobiles - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Bicycling - injuries</topic><topic>Bicycling - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cyclists</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>France - epidemiology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mobility</topic><topic>Motorcycles - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Prevention and actions</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Road injury risk</topic><topic>Road trauma registry</topic><topic>Sex Distribution</topic><topic>Sociology</topic><topic>Trauma Severity Indices</topic><topic>Travel survey</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Walking - injuries</topic><topic>Walking - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blaizot, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papon, Francis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haddak, Mohamed Mouloud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amoros, Emmanuelle</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>HAL-SHS: Archive ouverte en Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</collection><jtitle>Accident analysis and prevention</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blaizot, Stéphanie</au><au>Papon, Francis</au><au>Haddak, Mohamed Mouloud</au><au>Amoros, Emmanuelle</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Injury incidence rates of cyclists compared to pedestrians, car occupants and powered two-wheeler riders, using a medical registry and mobility data, Rhône County, France</atitle><jtitle>Accident analysis and prevention</jtitle><addtitle>Accid Anal Prev</addtitle><date>2013-09-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>58</volume><spage>35</spage><epage>45</epage><pages>35-45</pages><issn>0001-4575</issn><eissn>1879-2057</eissn><abstract>•Injury rates were estimated using a medical registry and a regional travel survey.•The all-injury rate is 8 times higher for cyclists than for car occupants.•It is 42 times higher for powered two-wheeler users.•For cyclists, the rate seems higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas.•The cyclists’ injury rates seem to decrease more than that of car occupants.
In France, the bicycle's modal share is stabilizing after a decline; in some of France's major cities, it has even increased since the 1990s. It is hence relevant to improve the knowledge of the injury risk associated with cycling, compared with other means of transport such as car, walking and powered two-wheeler (PTW) riding.
The injury incidence rates were estimated by the ratio between accident data and mobility (exposure) data. Two accident data sources were used: police data and hospital-based data (outpatients and inpatients) from the Rhône road trauma Registry. This provides four injury categories: all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury. Exposure data were estimated from a regional household travel survey (RTS), using three measures of mobility: number of trips, distance traveled and time spent traveling. The survey was carried out from November 2005 to April 2006, on weekdays, outside school and public holidays; this seasonality was corrected using the 2007–2008 national household travel survey (NTS) that covered an entire year. Only information involving accidents and trips in, and residents of, the Rhône County (1.6 million inhabitants, including the city Lyon) were included in our study. Trends of injury rates were also evaluated in Greater Lyon, using previous travel surveys.
The PTW riders had the highest all-injury, hospitalization, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates, followed by cyclists, and lastly by pedestrians and car occupants. The rates between men and women seemed similar among pedestrians and among car occupants. For car occupants, pedestrians and cyclists, the age group 18–25 years had higher all-injury rate compared with the age group 25–65 years. On the contrary, the age group ≥65 years seemed to have higher hospitalization and serious-injury rates, compared with the age group 25–65 years. For cyclists, the injury rates seemed higher in non-dense areas than in dense areas. Between 1996–1997 and 2005–2006 and with regards to time spent traveling, the all-injury, serious-injury and fatal-injury rates seemed to have decreased for car occupants and cyclists.
The higher risk for PTW riders is confirmed and quantified; it is very high. Decrease in injury rates seems more marked for cyclists; this may indicate the “safety in numbers” effect. Countermeasures for improving road safety could be implemented, especially for vulnerable road user types. However, they will not be sufficient to fill in the gap between the much higher risk for PTW riders and that of car occupants. Exposure-based injury rates can be a tool for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programs, and for comparisons between countries.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23689204</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.018</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-1430</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0001-4575 |
| ispartof | Accident analysis and prevention, 2013-09, Vol.58, p.35-45 |
| issn | 0001-4575 1879-2057 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_00852588v1 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Abbreviated Injury Scale Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Automobiles - statistics & numerical data Bicycling - injuries Bicycling - statistics & numerical data Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Cyclists Epidemiology Female France - epidemiology General aspects Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Mobility Motorcycles - statistics & numerical data Multivariate Analysis Prevention and actions Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Registries Risk Factors Road injury risk Road trauma registry Sex Distribution Sociology Trauma Severity Indices Travel survey Trends Walking - injuries Walking - statistics & numerical data Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Injury incidence rates of cyclists compared to pedestrians, car occupants and powered two-wheeler riders, using a medical registry and mobility data, Rhône County, France |
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