Nitrate-induced photodegradation of atenolol in aqueous solution: Kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways
► Nitrate induced aqueous atenolol photodegradation upon simulated solar irradiation. ► Hydroxyl radical played a key role in the photolysis process. ► Photodegradation pathways included hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. ► Phototransformation products showed less toxic to Daphnia magna. The ext...
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description | ► Nitrate induced aqueous atenolol photodegradation upon simulated solar irradiation. ► Hydroxyl radical played a key role in the photolysis process. ► Photodegradation pathways included hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. ► Phototransformation products showed less toxic to Daphnia magna.
The extensive utilization of β-blockers worldwide led to frequent detection in natural water. In this study the photolysis behavior of atenolol (ATL) and toxicity of its photodegradation products were investigated in the presence of nitrate ions. The results showed that ATL photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics upon simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation was found to be dependent on nitrate concentration and increasing the nitrate from 0.5mML−1 to 10mML−1 led to the enhancement of rate constant from 0.00101min−1 to 0.00716min−1. Hydroxyl radical was determined to play a key role in the photolysis process by using isopropanol as molecular probe. Increasing the solution pH from 4.8 to 10.4, the photodegradation rate slightly decreased from 0.00246min−1 to 0.00195min−1, probably due to pH-dependent effect of nitrate-induced OH formation. Bicarbonate decreased the photodegradation of ATL in the presence of nitrate ions mainly through pH effect, while humic substance inhibited the photodegradation via both attenuating light and competing radicals. Upon irradiation for 240min, only 10% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) can be achieved in spite of 72% transformation rate of ATL, implying a majority of ATL transformed into intermediate products rather than complete mineralization. The main photoproducts of ATL were identified by using solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS) techniques and possible nitrate-induced photodegradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of the phototransformation products was evaluated using aquatic species Daphnia magna, and the results revealed that photodegradation was an effective mechanism for ATL toxicity reduction in natural waters. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.050 |
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The extensive utilization of β-blockers worldwide led to frequent detection in natural water. In this study the photolysis behavior of atenolol (ATL) and toxicity of its photodegradation products were investigated in the presence of nitrate ions. The results showed that ATL photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics upon simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation was found to be dependent on nitrate concentration and increasing the nitrate from 0.5mML−1 to 10mML−1 led to the enhancement of rate constant from 0.00101min−1 to 0.00716min−1. Hydroxyl radical was determined to play a key role in the photolysis process by using isopropanol as molecular probe. Increasing the solution pH from 4.8 to 10.4, the photodegradation rate slightly decreased from 0.00246min−1 to 0.00195min−1, probably due to pH-dependent effect of nitrate-induced OH formation. Bicarbonate decreased the photodegradation of ATL in the presence of nitrate ions mainly through pH effect, while humic substance inhibited the photodegradation via both attenuating light and competing radicals. Upon irradiation for 240min, only 10% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) can be achieved in spite of 72% transformation rate of ATL, implying a majority of ATL transformed into intermediate products rather than complete mineralization. The main photoproducts of ATL were identified by using solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS) techniques and possible nitrate-induced photodegradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of the phototransformation products was evaluated using aquatic species Daphnia magna, and the results revealed that photodegradation was an effective mechanism for ATL toxicity reduction in natural waters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.050</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22497785</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMSHAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Applied sciences ; Atenolol ; Atenolol - chemistry ; Atenolol - toxicity ; Bicarbonates - chemistry ; Biological and physicochemical phenomena ; Catalysis ; Chemical Sciences ; Daphnia - drug effects ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environment and Society ; Environmental Pollutants - chemistry ; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity ; Environmental Sciences ; Exact sciences and technology ; Freshwater ; Humic Substances ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyl radical ; Irradiation ; Kinetics ; Minerals - chemistry ; Natural water pollution ; Nitrate ion ; Nitrates ; Nitrates - chemistry ; Pathways ; Photodegradation ; Photolysis ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Reduction ; Solutions ; Sunlight ; Toxicity ; Toxicity Tests ; Water - chemistry ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2012-07, Vol.88 (5), p.644-649</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-ff8b1196246185ec3dd5c98e6d5feaa20bc52f7c55e64c94120c57a538ec6c873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-ff8b1196246185ec3dd5c98e6d5feaa20bc52f7c55e64c94120c57a538ec6c873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.050$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25954445$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22497785$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-00725757$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ji, Yuefei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferronato, Corinne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chovelon, Jean-Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xi</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrate-induced photodegradation of atenolol in aqueous solution: Kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>► Nitrate induced aqueous atenolol photodegradation upon simulated solar irradiation. ► Hydroxyl radical played a key role in the photolysis process. ► Photodegradation pathways included hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. ► Phototransformation products showed less toxic to Daphnia magna.
The extensive utilization of β-blockers worldwide led to frequent detection in natural water. In this study the photolysis behavior of atenolol (ATL) and toxicity of its photodegradation products were investigated in the presence of nitrate ions. The results showed that ATL photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics upon simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation was found to be dependent on nitrate concentration and increasing the nitrate from 0.5mML−1 to 10mML−1 led to the enhancement of rate constant from 0.00101min−1 to 0.00716min−1. Hydroxyl radical was determined to play a key role in the photolysis process by using isopropanol as molecular probe. Increasing the solution pH from 4.8 to 10.4, the photodegradation rate slightly decreased from 0.00246min−1 to 0.00195min−1, probably due to pH-dependent effect of nitrate-induced OH formation. Bicarbonate decreased the photodegradation of ATL in the presence of nitrate ions mainly through pH effect, while humic substance inhibited the photodegradation via both attenuating light and competing radicals. Upon irradiation for 240min, only 10% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) can be achieved in spite of 72% transformation rate of ATL, implying a majority of ATL transformed into intermediate products rather than complete mineralization. The main photoproducts of ATL were identified by using solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS) techniques and possible nitrate-induced photodegradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of the phototransformation products was evaluated using aquatic species Daphnia magna, and the results revealed that photodegradation was an effective mechanism for ATL toxicity reduction in natural waters.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atenolol</subject><subject>Atenolol - chemistry</subject><subject>Atenolol - toxicity</subject><subject>Bicarbonates - chemistry</subject><subject>Biological and physicochemical phenomena</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Chemical Sciences</subject><subject>Daphnia - drug effects</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environment and Society</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Humic Substances</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Hydroxyl radical</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Minerals - chemistry</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Nitrate ion</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrates - chemistry</subject><subject>Pathways</subject><subject>Photodegradation</subject><subject>Photolysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>Solutions</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0045-6535</issn><issn>1879-1298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUFv1DAQhSMEokvhLyBzQAKJBNux47i3agUUsYILnC2vPSFeJXGwncL-exztUnqDk6WZ7z3PzCuKFwRXBJPm7aEyPYw-zj0EqCgmtMJ1hTl-UGxIK2RJqGwfFhuMGS8bXvOL4kmMB4yzmMvHxQWlTArR8k0xfnYp6ASlm-xiwKK598lb-B601cn5CfkO5f7kBz8gNyH9YwG_RBT9sKz9K_TJTZCciW9Q8r-ccemI9GTRfY9Zp_6nPsanxaNODxGend_L4tv7d1-3N-Xuy4eP2-tdabioU9l17Z4Q2VDWkJaDqa3lRrbQWN6B1hTvDaedMJxDw4xkhOIs1LxuwTSmFfVl8frk2-tBzcGNOhyV107dXO_UWsNYUC64uCWZfXVi5-DzbjGp0UUDw6CndVFFGkEYyzdm_0YxpbxhVK6u8oSa4GMM0N2NQbBaQ1QHdS9EtYaocK1yiFn7_PzNsh_B3in_pJaBl2dAR6OHLujJuPiX45IzxlZue-Ig3_rWQVDROJhyzC6AScp69x_j_AY7TMGr</recordid><startdate>20120701</startdate><enddate>20120701</enddate><creator>Ji, Yuefei</creator><creator>Zeng, Chao</creator><creator>Ferronato, Corinne</creator><creator>Chovelon, Jean-Marc</creator><creator>Yang, Xi</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120701</creationdate><title>Nitrate-induced photodegradation of atenolol in aqueous solution: Kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways</title><author>Ji, Yuefei ; Zeng, Chao ; Ferronato, Corinne ; Chovelon, Jean-Marc ; Yang, Xi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-ff8b1196246185ec3dd5c98e6d5feaa20bc52f7c55e64c94120c57a538ec6c873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atenolol</topic><topic>Atenolol - chemistry</topic><topic>Atenolol - toxicity</topic><topic>Bicarbonates - chemistry</topic><topic>Biological and physicochemical phenomena</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Daphnia - drug effects</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environment and Society</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Humic Substances</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Hydroxyl radical</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Minerals - chemistry</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Nitrate ion</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrates - chemistry</topic><topic>Pathways</topic><topic>Photodegradation</topic><topic>Photolysis</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>Solutions</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ji, Yuefei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferronato, Corinne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chovelon, Jean-Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Xi</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ji, Yuefei</au><au>Zeng, Chao</au><au>Ferronato, Corinne</au><au>Chovelon, Jean-Marc</au><au>Yang, Xi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrate-induced photodegradation of atenolol in aqueous solution: Kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2012-07-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>644</spage><epage>649</epage><pages>644-649</pages><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><coden>CMSHAF</coden><abstract>► Nitrate induced aqueous atenolol photodegradation upon simulated solar irradiation. ► Hydroxyl radical played a key role in the photolysis process. ► Photodegradation pathways included hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. ► Phototransformation products showed less toxic to Daphnia magna.
The extensive utilization of β-blockers worldwide led to frequent detection in natural water. In this study the photolysis behavior of atenolol (ATL) and toxicity of its photodegradation products were investigated in the presence of nitrate ions. The results showed that ATL photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics upon simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation was found to be dependent on nitrate concentration and increasing the nitrate from 0.5mML−1 to 10mML−1 led to the enhancement of rate constant from 0.00101min−1 to 0.00716min−1. Hydroxyl radical was determined to play a key role in the photolysis process by using isopropanol as molecular probe. Increasing the solution pH from 4.8 to 10.4, the photodegradation rate slightly decreased from 0.00246min−1 to 0.00195min−1, probably due to pH-dependent effect of nitrate-induced OH formation. Bicarbonate decreased the photodegradation of ATL in the presence of nitrate ions mainly through pH effect, while humic substance inhibited the photodegradation via both attenuating light and competing radicals. Upon irradiation for 240min, only 10% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) can be achieved in spite of 72% transformation rate of ATL, implying a majority of ATL transformed into intermediate products rather than complete mineralization. The main photoproducts of ATL were identified by using solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS) techniques and possible nitrate-induced photodegradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of the phototransformation products was evaluated using aquatic species Daphnia magna, and the results revealed that photodegradation was an effective mechanism for ATL toxicity reduction in natural waters.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>22497785</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.050</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Applied sciences Atenolol Atenolol - chemistry Atenolol - toxicity Bicarbonates - chemistry Biological and physicochemical phenomena Catalysis Chemical Sciences Daphnia - drug effects Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environment and Society Environmental Pollutants - chemistry Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Environmental Sciences Exact sciences and technology Freshwater Humic Substances Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hydroxyl radical Irradiation Kinetics Minerals - chemistry Natural water pollution Nitrate ion Nitrates Nitrates - chemistry Pathways Photodegradation Photolysis Pollution Pollution, environment geology Reduction Solutions Sunlight Toxicity Toxicity Tests Water - chemistry Water treatment and pollution |
title | Nitrate-induced photodegradation of atenolol in aqueous solution: Kinetics, toxicity and degradation pathways |
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