Measuring compression wood severity in spruce
As the severity of compression wood influences the mechanical and chemical properties of wood it is desirable to be able to measure compression wood severity. However, so far no satisfactory method has been reported in the literature. Here we describe how scanning FTIR micro-spectroscopy can be empl...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Wood science and technology 2009-05, Vol.43 (3-4), p.279-290 |
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creator | Altaner, Clemens M Tokareva, Elena N Wong, Janet C. T Hapca, Adrian I McLean, J. Paul Jarvis, Michael C |
description | As the severity of compression wood influences the mechanical and chemical properties of wood it is desirable to be able to measure compression wood severity. However, so far no satisfactory method has been reported in the literature. Here we describe how scanning FTIR micro-spectroscopy can be employed to achieve CW severity measurements on increment cores of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L. Karst.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière). Radial wood strips were converted into sawdust by a process that maintained their spatial orientation. Samples prepared in this way were scanned with an FTIR-microscope in reflective mode and from the spectra obtained a CW-indicator was calculated representing aromatic and carboxyl signals. This FTIR CW-indicator correlated well with alternative CW identification techniques (namely microfibril angle, transmitted light and immunolabelling of beta 1-4 galactan), which have been used to validate the method. Repeatability of the measurements was good and no systematic difference between spruce species was found. The achievable resolution of the measurements was of sub-mm order. The CW indicator described offers the opportunity to correlate CW severity with mechanical wood properties in spruce. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00226-008-0226-1 |
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This FTIR CW-indicator correlated well with alternative CW identification techniques (namely microfibril angle, transmitted light and immunolabelling of beta 1-4 galactan), which have been used to validate the method. Repeatability of the measurements was good and no systematic difference between spruce species was found. The achievable resolution of the measurements was of sub-mm order. 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Samples prepared in this way were scanned with an FTIR-microscope in reflective mode and from the spectra obtained a CW-indicator was calculated representing aromatic and carboxyl signals. This FTIR CW-indicator correlated well with alternative CW identification techniques (namely microfibril angle, transmitted light and immunolabelling of beta 1-4 galactan), which have been used to validate the method. Repeatability of the measurements was good and no systematic difference between spruce species was found. The achievable resolution of the measurements was of sub-mm order. The CW indicator described offers the opportunity to correlate CW severity with mechanical wood properties in spruce.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Compression tests</subject><subject>Engineering Sciences</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Karst</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Machines</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Mechanics</subject><subject>Mechanics of materials</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Picea abies</subject><subject>Picea sitchensis</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>Processes</subject><subject>Sawdust</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Wood Science & Technology</subject><issn>0043-7719</issn><issn>1432-5225</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhC0EEqXwAJyIxIlDYNc_sXOsKqBIRRygZ8txnJKqjYPdgPr2pA2CG6cdrWY-7Q4hlwi3CCDvIgClWQqg0oPAIzJCzmgqKBXHZATAWSol5qfkLMYVAErJ1Yikz87ELtTNMrF-0wYXY-2b5Mv7Monu04V6u0vqJolt6Kw7JyeVWUd38TPHZPFw_zadpfOXx6fpZJ5aJvk2LUEyEAWWXCFYyvOCca5MrsqclwWXTvFKGObKQkEhq4yaSuQVs9aawkip2JjcDNx3s9ZtqDcm7LQ3tZ5N5nq_AxCZyAA_sfdeD942-I_Oxa1e-S40_Xm6L4Ii5lSK3oWDywYfY3DVLxZB7xvUQ4M9WemD2JPpkOmf7wty4Y_8X-hqCFXGa7MMddSLVwrIADOqODL2DXSqep8</recordid><startdate>20090501</startdate><enddate>20090501</enddate><creator>Altaner, Clemens M</creator><creator>Tokareva, Elena N</creator><creator>Wong, Janet C. 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T</au><au>Hapca, Adrian I</au><au>McLean, J. Paul</au><au>Jarvis, Michael C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measuring compression wood severity in spruce</atitle><jtitle>Wood science and technology</jtitle><stitle>Wood Sci Technol</stitle><date>2009-05-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>3-4</issue><spage>279</spage><epage>290</epage><pages>279-290</pages><issn>0043-7719</issn><eissn>1432-5225</eissn><abstract>As the severity of compression wood influences the mechanical and chemical properties of wood it is desirable to be able to measure compression wood severity. However, so far no satisfactory method has been reported in the literature. Here we describe how scanning FTIR micro-spectroscopy can be employed to achieve CW severity measurements on increment cores of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L. Karst.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière). Radial wood strips were converted into sawdust by a process that maintained their spatial orientation. Samples prepared in this way were scanned with an FTIR-microscope in reflective mode and from the spectra obtained a CW-indicator was calculated representing aromatic and carboxyl signals. This FTIR CW-indicator correlated well with alternative CW identification techniques (namely microfibril angle, transmitted light and immunolabelling of beta 1-4 galactan), which have been used to validate the method. Repeatability of the measurements was good and no systematic difference between spruce species was found. The achievable resolution of the measurements was of sub-mm order. The CW indicator described offers the opportunity to correlate CW severity with mechanical wood properties in spruce.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s00226-008-0226-1</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Ceramics Chemical properties Composites Compression Compression tests Engineering Sciences Glass Infrared spectroscopy Karst Life Sciences Machines Manufacturing Mechanics Mechanics of materials Natural Materials Organic chemistry Original Physics Picea abies Picea sitchensis Pine trees Processes Sawdust Spectrum analysis Wood Science & Technology |
title | Measuring compression wood severity in spruce |
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