Azathioprine or mercaptopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis is not a disease‐specific phenomenon

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1322–1329 Summary Background Several reports suggest an increased rate of adverse reactions to azathioprine in patients with Crohn’s disease. Aim To compare the incidence of thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with that in patients with vasculitis. Methods This retrospective analysis was performed using data collected in three databases by two university hospitals (241 patients with IBD and 108 patients with vasculitis) and one general district hospital (72 patients with IBD). Results The cumulative incidence of thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis in Crohn’s disease equalled that of ulcerative colitis (UC) (2.6% vs. 3.7%) and this did not differ from vasculitis patients (2.6% vs.1.9%). In addition, the cumulative incidence of thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis in UC patients was not different from that in vasculitis patients. In the IBD group, 100% of thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis patients were women, whereas in the vasculitis group the two observed thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis cases (n = 2 of 2) concerned were men (P = 0.012). Conclusions In this study, the alleged higher cumulative incidence of thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis in Crohn’s disease compared with vasculitis or UC patients was not confirmed. Female gender appears to be a risk factor for developing thiopurine‐induced acute pancreatitis in IBD patients.