Mouse myodulin, a new potential angiogenic factor, functionally expressed in yeast

Myodulin is a new integral membrane protein down-regulated in skeletal muscle atrophy. A first characterization suggested that myodulin could be a skeletal muscle angiogenic factor operating through direct cell-to-cell interactions. Here, we show that mouse myodulin can be expressed at the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified. Co-culture experiments of myoblasts and cardiac vascular endothelial cells reveal that myodulin, either presented in yeast membranes or in liposomes after purification, increases the invasive potential of endothelial cells with a similar efficiency as when over-expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Functional essays using myodulin expressed in yeast bring new information about the myodulin functional mechanism, suggesting that one or several muscle cell components could be necessary for myodulin to increase the invasive potential of endothelial cells. The yield of purified myodulin should allow structure–function relationships studies for a better understanding of myodulin functional mechanisms.