Confocal microprobe Raman imaging of urban tropospheric aerosols

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science & technology 2006, Vol.40, p.1300-1306
Hauptverfasser: Batonneau, Y., Sobanska, S., Laureyns, J., Brémard, C.
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container_title Environmental science & technology
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creator Batonneau, Y.
Sobanska, S.
Laureyns, J.
Brémard, C.
description Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of
doi_str_mv 10.1021/es051294x
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We demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined use of computer-controlled Raman mapping and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) of the Raman images to determine heterogeneous chemistry at the level of aerosol particle. The resulting molecular images of major species were found to be in accurate agreement with elemental images obtained by WDS X-ray-mapping. Environmental SEM was very useful to localize spare metal-rich particles before Raman mapping. Some spare particles containing pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH) and franklinite (ZnxFe3-xO4) mixed with mineral dust were detected at the northeast (NE) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the west (W) sector. These particles were probably suspended in the troposphere by the action of wind or by mechanical disturbance of polluted top soils. The most abundantly encountered particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1 m fractions were found to be aggregates of NaCl, CaCO3, CaSO4·2H2O, CaMg(CO3)2, SiO2, feldspar, clay minerals, -Fe2O3, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O. Black carbon and (NH4)2SO4 particles were observed predominantly in the finest fraction. It was not rare to detect Pb and Zn-rich particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1 m fractions collected at the southwest (SW) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the NE sector. 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We demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined use of computer-controlled Raman mapping and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) of the Raman images to determine heterogeneous chemistry at the level of aerosol particle. The resulting molecular images of major species were found to be in accurate agreement with elemental images obtained by WDS X-ray-mapping. Environmental SEM was very useful to localize spare metal-rich particles before Raman mapping. Some spare particles containing pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH) and franklinite (ZnxFe3-xO4) mixed with mineral dust were detected at the northeast (NE) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the west (W) sector. These particles were probably suspended in the troposphere by the action of wind or by mechanical disturbance of polluted top soils. The most abundantly encountered particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1 m fractions were found to be aggregates of NaCl, CaCO3, CaSO4·2H2O, CaMg(CO3)2, SiO2, feldspar, clay minerals, -Fe2O3, NaNO3, and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O. Black carbon and (NH4)2SO4 particles were observed predominantly in the finest fraction. It was not rare to detect Pb and Zn-rich particles in the 10-2.5 and 2.5-1 m fractions collected at the southwest (SW) sampling site, when the wind was blowing from the NE sector. 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title Confocal microprobe Raman imaging of urban tropospheric aerosols
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