Rainwater chemistry and wet deposition over the Equatorial forested ecosystem of Zoétélé (Cameroon)

Within the framework of IDAF (IGAC DEBITS AFRICA: International GlobalAtmospheric Chemistry/DEposition of Biogeochemically Important TraceSpecies/Africa) network, data analysis is realised on precipitation chemical composition collected in Zoétélé, in Southern Cameroon. This station, located atabout...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of atmospheric chemistry 2003-10, Vol.46 (2), p.173-198
Hauptverfasser: SIGHA-NKAMDJOU, L, GALY-LACAUX, C, PONT, V, RICHARD, S, SIGHOMNOU, D, LACAUX, J. P
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 173
container_title Journal of atmospheric chemistry
container_volume 46
creator SIGHA-NKAMDJOU, L
GALY-LACAUX, C
PONT, V
RICHARD, S
SIGHOMNOU, D
LACAUX, J. P
description Within the framework of IDAF (IGAC DEBITS AFRICA: International GlobalAtmospheric Chemistry/DEposition of Biogeochemically Important TraceSpecies/Africa) network, data analysis is realised on precipitation chemical composition collected in Zoétélé, in Southern Cameroon. This station, located atabout 200 km from the Atlantic Ocean, is representative of a so-called `Evergreen Equatorial Forest' ecosystem. An automatic wet-only precipitation collector was operated at the station from 1996 to 2000. The rainfall regime, associated with eastward advection of moist and cool monsoon air masses, amounts to an average of 1700 mm/year. Inorganic and organic content of the precipitation were determined by IC in 234 rainfall events, representing a total 4,583 mm of rainfall from an overall of 7,100 mm.The mean annual precipitation chemistry and wet deposition fluxes characteristic of an African equatorial forest are quantified. Typical atmospheric gases and particles sources influence the precipitation chemical content and the associated deposition of chemical species. Indeed, hydrogen concentration is the highest (12.0 μ eq.L^sup -1^) of the IDAF measurements, leading to acid rains with a low mean pH 4.92. The mineral species are dominated by nitrogenous compounds (NH^sub 4^^sup +^:10.5 and NO^sub 3^^sup -^: 6.9 μ eq.L^sup -1^), Ca^sup 2+^ (8.9 μ eq.L^sup -1^) and SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ 5.1 μeq.L^sup -1^. Relationship between Ca^sup 2 +^ and SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ indicated aterrigeneous particulate source and an additional SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ contributionprobably due to swamps and volcano emissions. Na^sup +^ and Cl^sup -^concentrations, around 4.0 μ eq.L^sup -1^, seem very low for this site,accounting for the marine source. Besides, strong correlations between NH^sub 4^^sup +^/K^sup +^/Cl^sup -^ indicate the biomass burning originof these species. Accordingly, precipitation chemistry in Zoétéléis influenced by three major sources: biogenic emissions from soil and forest ecosystems, biomass burning from savannah, and terrigenous signature from particles emissions of arid zones; and three minor sources: marine, volcano and anthropogenic. In spite of the relatively low concentration of all these elements, the wet deposition is quite significant due to the high precipitation levels, with for example a nitrogenous compounds deposition of 34 mmol.m^sup -2^.yr^sup -1^.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
doi_str_mv 10.1023/A:1026057413640
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Na^sup +^ and Cl^sup -^concentrations, around 4.0 μ eq.L^sup -1^, seem very low for this site,accounting for the marine source. Besides, strong correlations between NH^sub 4^^sup +^/K^sup +^/Cl^sup -^ indicate the biomass burning originof these species. Accordingly, precipitation chemistry in Zoétéléis influenced by three major sources: biogenic emissions from soil and forest ecosystems, biomass burning from savannah, and terrigenous signature from particles emissions of arid zones; and three minor sources: marine, volcano and anthropogenic. 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P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rainwater chemistry and wet deposition over the Equatorial forested ecosystem of Zoétélé (Cameroon)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of atmospheric chemistry</jtitle><date>2003-10-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>198</epage><pages>173-198</pages><issn>0167-7764</issn><eissn>1573-0662</eissn><coden>JATCE2</coden><abstract>Within the framework of IDAF (IGAC DEBITS AFRICA: International GlobalAtmospheric Chemistry/DEposition of Biogeochemically Important TraceSpecies/Africa) network, data analysis is realised on precipitation chemical composition collected in Zoétélé, in Southern Cameroon. This station, located atabout 200 km from the Atlantic Ocean, is representative of a so-called `Evergreen Equatorial Forest' ecosystem. An automatic wet-only precipitation collector was operated at the station from 1996 to 2000. The rainfall regime, associated with eastward advection of moist and cool monsoon air masses, amounts to an average of 1700 mm/year. Inorganic and organic content of the precipitation were determined by IC in 234 rainfall events, representing a total 4,583 mm of rainfall from an overall of 7,100 mm.The mean annual precipitation chemistry and wet deposition fluxes characteristic of an African equatorial forest are quantified. Typical atmospheric gases and particles sources influence the precipitation chemical content and the associated deposition of chemical species. Indeed, hydrogen concentration is the highest (12.0 μ eq.L^sup -1^) of the IDAF measurements, leading to acid rains with a low mean pH 4.92. The mineral species are dominated by nitrogenous compounds (NH^sub 4^^sup +^:10.5 and NO^sub 3^^sup -^: 6.9 μ eq.L^sup -1^), Ca^sup 2+^ (8.9 μ eq.L^sup -1^) and SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ 5.1 μeq.L^sup -1^. Relationship between Ca^sup 2 +^ and SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ indicated aterrigeneous particulate source and an additional SO^sub 4^^sup 2 -^ contributionprobably due to swamps and volcano emissions. Na^sup +^ and Cl^sup -^concentrations, around 4.0 μ eq.L^sup -1^, seem very low for this site,accounting for the marine source. Besides, strong correlations between NH^sub 4^^sup +^/K^sup +^/Cl^sup -^ indicate the biomass burning originof these species. Accordingly, precipitation chemistry in Zoétéléis influenced by three major sources: biogenic emissions from soil and forest ecosystems, biomass burning from savannah, and terrigenous signature from particles emissions of arid zones; and three minor sources: marine, volcano and anthropogenic. In spite of the relatively low concentration of all these elements, the wet deposition is quite significant due to the high precipitation levels, with for example a nitrogenous compounds deposition of 34 mmol.m^sup -2^.yr^sup -1^.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer</pub><doi>10.1023/A:1026057413640</doi><tpages>26</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-3585</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Acid rain
Air masses
Anthropogenic factors
Applied sciences
Arid zones
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Atmospheric gases
Atmospheric pollution
Chemical Sciences
Chemical speciation
Chemistry
Dispersed sources and other
Earth, ocean, space
Ecosystems
Emissions
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Forest ecosystems
Marine ecosystems
Meteorology
Other
Physics
Pollution
Pollution sources. Measurement results
Rain
Rainfall
Swamps
Volcanoes
Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation)
Wet deposition
title Rainwater chemistry and wet deposition over the Equatorial forested ecosystem of Zoétélé (Cameroon)
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