ANTIPSYCHOTICS AND FEMALE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS OF FERTILE AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIA/ANTIPSICOTICOS E PACIENTES DO SEXO FEMININO EM TRATAMENTO DE ESQUIZOFRENIA EM IDADE FERTIL: UMA ANALISE ACERCA DA HIPERPROLACTINEMIA/ANTIPSICOTICOS Y PACIENTES FEMENINAS CON ESQUIZOFRENIA EN EDAD FERTIL: UN ANALISIS DE LA HIPERPROLACTINEMIA

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder where there is hyperactivation of D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, causing positive effects, and a reduced activation of D1 receptors, responsible for negative effects of the disease. Objective: This article aims to analyze the effects of antipsychotic medications, both typical and atypical, addressing the mechanisms and side effects, with a focus on increased prolactin secretion and menstrual cycle alteration, and peculiarities of schizophrenia treatment. Methodology: 31 review articles were selected, and health ministry protocols that address the effects of antipsychotics on prolactin and schizophrenia. The descriptors used included "Schizophrenia", "Antipsychotic", "Hyperprolactinemia", "prolactin" and "Amenorrhea". The search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Portal Capes and Latindex, considering articles published up to the present date. Results: Typical antipsychotics, like haloperidol, exert their effect by blocking dopamine's D2 receptors, resulting in an elevation of prolactin levels. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotics, like quetiapine and olanzapine, have a lesser tendency to cause hyperprolactinemia due to their differentiated affinity for dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors. Clozapine, for example, is considered a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic. Risperidone, one of the second-generation antipsychotics, is strongly associated with hyperprolactinemia, and the continuity of treatment with this drug should be evaluated based on side effects. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of considering the effects of antipsychotics on prolactin secretion when choosing treatment for schizophrenia. Although typical antipsychotics may be effective in controlling symptoms, their association with hyperprolactinemia can lead to additional complications. Atypical antipsychotics are a promising alternative, offering therapeutic benefits without the same adverse effects. Keywords: Schizophrenia; antipsychotics; side effects; hyperprolactinemia; amenorrhea. Introducao: A esquizofrenia e um transtorno mental onde ha hiperativacao de receptores D2 da via mesolimbica, causando efeitos positivos, e uma ativacao reduzida dos receptores D1, responsavel por efeitos negativos da doenca. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos medicamentos antipsicoticos, tanto tipicos quanto atipicos, abordando os mecanismos e efeitos colaterais, com foco na secrecao aumentada