Pollination Syndrome, Florivory, and Breeding System of ISatyrium nepalense/I var. Iciliatum/I in Central Yunnan, China

Research on Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. has primarily focused on populations in Northwestern Yunnan, with limited studies on pollination syndromes and insect behavior. In addition, it is geographically limited in its breeding system studies. Here, pollination syndromes, floriv...

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Veröffentlicht in:Plants (Basel) 2024-05, Vol.13 (9)
Hauptverfasser: Tao, Lei, Tao, Kaifeng, Li, Qingqing, Zhang, Yingduo, Hu, Xiangke, Luo, Yan, Li, Lu
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container_issue 9
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creator Tao, Lei
Tao, Kaifeng
Li, Qingqing
Zhang, Yingduo
Hu, Xiangke
Luo, Yan
Li, Lu
description Research on Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. has primarily focused on populations in Northwestern Yunnan, with limited studies on pollination syndromes and insect behavior. In addition, it is geographically limited in its breeding system studies. Here, pollination syndromes, florivory, and breeding systems of S. nepalense var. ciliatum from Liangwang Mountain (Central Yunnan, China) were investigated through field work, microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parafin section. It was revealed that the pollination syndrome was possessing out-crossing, such as bright color, a developed rostellum, nectar glands in the spur, and food hairs at the lip base. The color and nectar attracted flower visitors, and florivory was observed. Some flower visitors pollinated their companion species. Ants were identified as floral visitors for the first time in Satyrium, although substantial pollination was not observed. Ants might be potential pollinators. S. nepalense var. ciliatum possessed a mixed breeding system, including selfing, out-crossing, and apomixis, with apomixis being predominant in nature. It is suggested that the pollination syndrome, florivory, and pollination competition would contribute to its mixed breeding systems, particularly leading to the occurrence of apomixis.
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source DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central
subjects Ecological research
Environmental aspects
Herbivores
Methods
Orchids
Physiological aspects
Plant breeding
Pollination
title Pollination Syndrome, Florivory, and Breeding System of ISatyrium nepalense/I var. Iciliatum/I in Central Yunnan, China
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