Moxifloxacin Amide Analogs as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Enzyme Inhibition Studies

Infections are as mature as life itself and considered to be the incursion of an individual’s body to diseases caused by pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These diseases can also be transferred from one person to another, either directly or indirectly, contributing further to the wide spread of the infections. To handle this issue, it is required to synthesize new analogs that contest mutated bacteria. The 3-carboxamide derivatives of moxifloxacin (MOXI) were obtained following a simple synthetic route and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. These compounds were then tested against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, the compounds were assessed for enzyme inhibition properties against urease and carbonic anhydrase. It was observed that all derivatives produced in vitro antibacterial activity greater than the parent drug against Salmonella typhi , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis . In the same way, all compounds possessed antifungal activity against Fusarium solani and Trichophyton rubrum . Compounds 3A1 , 3A2 , and 3A4 showed moderate activity against urease whereas only 3A3 showed promising results against carbonic anhydrase-II. The statistical analysis helped to establish precise changes in antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activities of newer synthesized analogs compared with the MOXI. It was concluded that compounds 3A1 , 3A2 , and 3A4 showed activity against E. coli comparable with or higher than the parent drug.