Development of a Scale to Measure Infant Eating Behaviour Worldwide
In order to create a short, internationally valid scale to assess eating behaviour (EB) in young children at risk of undernutrition, we refined 15 phrases describing avidity or food refusal (avoidance). In study one, 149 parents matched phrases in English, Urdu, Cantonese, Indonesian or Greek to vid...
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description | In order to create a short, internationally valid scale to assess eating behaviour (EB) in young children at risk of undernutrition, we refined 15 phrases describing avidity or food refusal (avoidance). In study one, 149 parents matched phrases in English, Urdu, Cantonese, Indonesian or Greek to videos showing avidity and avoidance; 82-100% showed perfect agreement for the avidity phrases and 73-91% for the avoidant phrases. In study two, 575 parents in the UK, Cyprus and Indonesia (healthy) and in Kenya, Pakistan and Guatemala (healthy and undernourished) rated their 6-24 months old children using the same phrases. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was high for avidity (0.88) and moderate for avoidance (0.72). The best-performing 11 items were entered into a principal components analysis and the two scales loaded separately onto 2 factors with Eigen values > 1. The avidity score was positively associated with weight (r = 0.15
0.001) and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (r = 0.16
0.001). Both high and low avoidance were associated with lower weight and BMI Z scores. These scales are internationally valid, relate to nutritional status and can be used to inform causes and treatments of undernutrition worldwide. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13082495 |
format | Article |
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0.001) and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (r = 0.16
0.001). Both high and low avoidance were associated with lower weight and BMI Z scores. These scales are internationally valid, relate to nutritional status and can be used to inform causes and treatments of undernutrition worldwide.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13082495</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34444655</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Age Factors ; Agreements ; Appetite ; Avidity ; Avoidance ; Avoidance Learning ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Chinese languages ; complementary feeding ; Comprehension ; Eating ; Eating behavior ; eating behaviour ; Feeding Behavior ; feeding problems ; Food ; Food Fussiness ; Food Preferences ; global nutrition/health ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior ; Infant Nutrition Disorders - etiology ; Infant Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology ; Infant Nutrition Disorders - psychology ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Malnutrition ; Malnutrition - etiology ; Malnutrition - physiopathology ; Malnutrition - psychology ; Nutritional Status ; Parents ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Principal components analysis ; Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Terminology as Topic ; Translating ; Undernutrition ; Weight Gain</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-07, Vol.13 (8), p.2495</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-76ece76be7651562d8c3b92bdddead278f6f210e89336768a99aca28fed70bbe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-76ece76be7651562d8c3b92bdddead278f6f210e89336768a99aca28fed70bbe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6256-6315 ; 0000-0003-1849-4961 ; 0000-0002-3526-2380</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398650/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398650/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34444655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wright, Charlotte M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurney, Jessica Megan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mutoro, Antonina N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shum, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Amara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milligan, Beatrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Indriani, Widya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Georgiou, Loukia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant-Waugh, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, Ada L</creatorcontrib><title>Development of a Scale to Measure Infant Eating Behaviour Worldwide</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>In order to create a short, internationally valid scale to assess eating behaviour (EB) in young children at risk of undernutrition, we refined 15 phrases describing avidity or food refusal (avoidance). In study one, 149 parents matched phrases in English, Urdu, Cantonese, Indonesian or Greek to videos showing avidity and avoidance; 82-100% showed perfect agreement for the avidity phrases and 73-91% for the avoidant phrases. In study two, 575 parents in the UK, Cyprus and Indonesia (healthy) and in Kenya, Pakistan and Guatemala (healthy and undernourished) rated their 6-24 months old children using the same phrases. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was high for avidity (0.88) and moderate for avoidance (0.72). The best-performing 11 items were entered into a principal components analysis and the two scales loaded separately onto 2 factors with Eigen values > 1. The avidity score was positively associated with weight (r = 0.15
0.001) and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (r = 0.16
0.001). Both high and low avoidance were associated with lower weight and BMI Z scores. These scales are internationally valid, relate to nutritional status and can be used to inform causes and treatments of undernutrition worldwide.</description><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Agreements</subject><subject>Appetite</subject><subject>Avidity</subject><subject>Avoidance</subject><subject>Avoidance Learning</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Chinese languages</subject><subject>complementary feeding</subject><subject>Comprehension</subject><subject>Eating</subject><subject>Eating behavior</subject><subject>eating behaviour</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>feeding problems</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food Fussiness</subject><subject>Food Preferences</subject><subject>global nutrition/health</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Behavior</subject><subject>Infant Nutrition Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Infant Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Infant Nutrition Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Malnutrition</subject><subject>Malnutrition - etiology</subject><subject>Malnutrition - physiopathology</subject><subject>Malnutrition - psychology</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Terminology as Topic</subject><subject>Translating</subject><subject>Undernutrition</subject><subject>Weight Gain</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptklFrFDEQxxex2NL2xQ8gC76IcDWbbCbJi9CerR60-KDiY8gmk2uO3c2Z3T3x2zfn1bYnTQgJM7_5h_wzRfG6ImeMKfKhnypGJK0Vf1EcUSLoDKBmL5-cD4vTYViR7RBEAHtVHLI6D-D8qJh_wg22cd1hP5bRl6b8Zk2L5RjLGzTDlLBc9N7k5KUZQ78sL_DWbEKcUvkzptb9Dg5PigNv2gFP7_fj4sfV5ff5l9n118-L-fn1zHKmxpkAtCigyYtXHKiTljWKNs45NI4K6cHTiqBUjIEAaZQy1lDp0QnSNMiOi8VO10Wz0usUOpP-6GiC_huIaalNGoNtUYtG1tI3kipraqi9rBg0tKLgLEWQPmt93Gmtp6ZDZ_Pzk2n3RPczfbjVy7jRkikJnGSBd_cCKf6acBh1FwaLbWt6jNOgKQcg-WeAZ_Ttf-gq-9dnq7YUr6WQlD1Sy-y_Dr2P-V67FdXn2TGoa0Fpps6eofJ02AUbe_Qhx_cK3u8KbIrDkNA_vLEiettB-rGDMvzmqSsP6L9-YXcaH75c</recordid><startdate>20210722</startdate><enddate>20210722</enddate><creator>Wright, Charlotte M</creator><creator>Gurney, Jessica Megan</creator><creator>Mutoro, Antonina N</creator><creator>Shum, Claudia</creator><creator>Khan, Amara</creator><creator>Milligan, Beatrice</creator><creator>Indriani, Widya</creator><creator>Georgiou, Loukia</creator><creator>Chambers, Stephanie</creator><creator>Bryant-Waugh, Rachel</creator><creator>Garcia, Ada L</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-6315</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-4961</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-2380</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210722</creationdate><title>Development of a Scale to Measure Infant Eating Behaviour Worldwide</title><author>Wright, Charlotte M ; Gurney, Jessica Megan ; Mutoro, Antonina N ; Shum, Claudia ; Khan, Amara ; Milligan, Beatrice ; Indriani, Widya ; Georgiou, Loukia ; Chambers, Stephanie ; Bryant-Waugh, Rachel ; Garcia, Ada L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-76ece76be7651562d8c3b92bdddead278f6f210e89336768a99aca28fed70bbe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Agreements</topic><topic>Appetite</topic><topic>Avidity</topic><topic>Avoidance</topic><topic>Avoidance Learning</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Chinese languages</topic><topic>complementary feeding</topic><topic>Comprehension</topic><topic>Eating</topic><topic>Eating behavior</topic><topic>eating behaviour</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>feeding problems</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food Fussiness</topic><topic>Food Preferences</topic><topic>global nutrition/health</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Behavior</topic><topic>Infant Nutrition Disorders - etiology</topic><topic>Infant Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Infant Nutrition Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Malnutrition</topic><topic>Malnutrition - etiology</topic><topic>Malnutrition - physiopathology</topic><topic>Malnutrition - psychology</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Parents</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Terminology as Topic</topic><topic>Translating</topic><topic>Undernutrition</topic><topic>Weight Gain</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wright, Charlotte M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurney, Jessica Megan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mutoro, Antonina N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shum, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Amara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milligan, Beatrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Indriani, Widya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Georgiou, Loukia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant-Waugh, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, Ada L</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health Medical collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals(OpenAccess)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wright, Charlotte M</au><au>Gurney, Jessica Megan</au><au>Mutoro, Antonina N</au><au>Shum, Claudia</au><au>Khan, Amara</au><au>Milligan, Beatrice</au><au>Indriani, Widya</au><au>Georgiou, Loukia</au><au>Chambers, Stephanie</au><au>Bryant-Waugh, Rachel</au><au>Garcia, Ada L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of a Scale to Measure Infant Eating Behaviour Worldwide</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2021-07-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2495</spage><pages>2495-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>In order to create a short, internationally valid scale to assess eating behaviour (EB) in young children at risk of undernutrition, we refined 15 phrases describing avidity or food refusal (avoidance). In study one, 149 parents matched phrases in English, Urdu, Cantonese, Indonesian or Greek to videos showing avidity and avoidance; 82-100% showed perfect agreement for the avidity phrases and 73-91% for the avoidant phrases. In study two, 575 parents in the UK, Cyprus and Indonesia (healthy) and in Kenya, Pakistan and Guatemala (healthy and undernourished) rated their 6-24 months old children using the same phrases. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was high for avidity (0.88) and moderate for avoidance (0.72). The best-performing 11 items were entered into a principal components analysis and the two scales loaded separately onto 2 factors with Eigen values > 1. The avidity score was positively associated with weight (r = 0.15
0.001) and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (r = 0.16
0.001). Both high and low avoidance were associated with lower weight and BMI Z scores. These scales are internationally valid, relate to nutritional status and can be used to inform causes and treatments of undernutrition worldwide.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34444655</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu13082495</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-6315</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-4961</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-2380</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Age Factors Agreements Appetite Avidity Avoidance Avoidance Learning Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Chinese languages complementary feeding Comprehension Eating Eating behavior eating behaviour Feeding Behavior feeding problems Food Food Fussiness Food Preferences global nutrition/health Health aspects Humans Infant Infant Behavior Infant Nutrition Disorders - etiology Infant Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology Infant Nutrition Disorders - psychology Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Malnutrition Malnutrition - etiology Malnutrition - physiopathology Malnutrition - psychology Nutritional Status Parents Predictive Value of Tests Principal components analysis Questionnaires Reproducibility of Results Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Terminology as Topic Translating Undernutrition Weight Gain |
title | Development of a Scale to Measure Infant Eating Behaviour Worldwide |
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