Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the Imec/IA Gene and Identification of IESBL/I Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of mastitis milk samples, milking hands and milking equipment from small dairy farms belonging to nort...
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creator | Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva Ribeiro, Débora Cristina Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte Kawamo, Denise Miyuki Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral Silva, Isadora Brito da Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula Rahal, Isabelle Luiz Valle, Juliana Silveira do Ruiz, Suelen Pereira Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher Gazim, Zilda Cristiani Piau Junior, Ranunlfo Gonçalves, Daniela Dib |
description | Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of mastitis milk samples, milking hands and milking equipment from small dairy farms belonging to northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifteen small, non-technical dairy farms in three municipalities, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 36.20% were classified as multiresistant. It is also worth noting the presence of an isolate of Enterobater agglomerans and one of Moellerella wisconsensis in the hands of milkers and milking machines, phenotypically producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). As for the presence of the mecA gene, 72.72% isolated came from milk, 18.18% from insufflators and 9.1% from milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The results of this work directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can make possible the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolat |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ani13071147 |
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The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of mastitis milk samples, milking hands and milking equipment from small dairy farms belonging to northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifteen small, non-technical dairy farms in three municipalities, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 36.20% were classified as multiresistant. It is also worth noting the presence of an isolate of Enterobater agglomerans and one of Moellerella wisconsensis in the hands of milkers and milking machines, phenotypically producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). As for the presence of the mecA gene, 72.72% isolated came from milk, 18.18% from insufflators and 9.1% from milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The results of this work directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can make possible the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers' hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-2615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-2615</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ani13071147</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antibacterial agents ; Beta lactamases ; Dairy farming ; Disease transmission ; Drug resistance in microorganisms ; Genes ; Mastitis ; Milk ; Milk production</subject><ispartof>Animals (Basel), 2023-03, Vol.13 (7)</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,861,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Débora Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawamo, Denise Miyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Isadora Brito da</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahal, Isabelle Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valle, Juliana Silveira do</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Suelen Pereira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazim, Zilda Cristiani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piau Junior, Ranunlfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves, Daniela Dib</creatorcontrib><title>Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the Imec/IA Gene and Identification of IESBL/I Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties</title><title>Animals (Basel)</title><description>Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of mastitis milk samples, milking hands and milking equipment from small dairy farms belonging to northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifteen small, non-technical dairy farms in three municipalities, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 36.20% were classified as multiresistant. It is also worth noting the presence of an isolate of Enterobater agglomerans and one of Moellerella wisconsensis in the hands of milkers and milking machines, phenotypically producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). As for the presence of the mecA gene, 72.72% isolated came from milk, 18.18% from insufflators and 9.1% from milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The results of this work directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can make possible the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers' hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.</description><subject>Antibacterial agents</subject><subject>Beta lactamases</subject><subject>Dairy farming</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drug resistance in microorganisms</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Mastitis</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk production</subject><issn>2076-2615</issn><issn>2076-2615</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNpt0MFOwzAMANAIgcQ0duIHInGlLGnapD1uY4xKQ6CV-5QmzghqE9RkSPwM30orOOyAfbAPz5ZlhK4puWOsJHPpLGVEUJqJMzRJieBJyml-ftJfolkI72QIkTOa0wn63kGwIUqnAL_03tgWsDd46T-tA_wkQ7TRBlwF38oI4XZAEGDUg4pvgKsO1Lxa4A0MXjqNKw0uWmOVjNa7kVXrermdV-N-fVTWHXAde2ldwKb3Ha472bZ4d-xli--l7b9G-AF9tBCu0IWRbYDZX52i-mH9unpMts-barXYJgcuioQpkAQ4hZxwKhqW6ZJnJTOZLrShUpWZkUI3OeQFLUmRpiWotAHWFIpzA2yKbn63HmQLe-uMH-5TnQ1qvxA5LWlaimJQd_-oITV0VnkH4_NOB34AgWh7aQ</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti</creator><creator>Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa</creator><creator>Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim</creator><creator>Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto</creator><creator>Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva</creator><creator>Ribeiro, Débora Cristina</creator><creator>Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte</creator><creator>Kawamo, Denise Miyuki</creator><creator>Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral</creator><creator>Silva, Isadora Brito da</creator><creator>Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos</creator><creator>Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula</creator><creator>Rahal, Isabelle Luiz</creator><creator>Valle, Juliana Silveira do</creator><creator>Ruiz, Suelen Pereira</creator><creator>Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher</creator><creator>Gazim, Zilda Cristiani</creator><creator>Piau Junior, Ranunlfo</creator><creator>Gonçalves, Daniela Dib</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope/></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the Imec/IA Gene and Identification of IESBL/I Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties</title><author>Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti ; Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa ; Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim ; Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto ; Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva ; Ribeiro, Débora Cristina ; Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte ; Kawamo, Denise Miyuki ; Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral ; Silva, Isadora Brito da ; Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos ; Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula ; Rahal, Isabelle Luiz ; Valle, Juliana Silveira do ; Ruiz, Suelen Pereira ; Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher ; Gazim, Zilda Cristiani ; Piau Junior, Ranunlfo ; Gonçalves, Daniela Dib</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-g678-3cea0e61e50617b34d96493f4d8df1ac94fa7db5e581908229ec2be3b8c66fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Antibacterial agents</topic><topic>Beta lactamases</topic><topic>Dairy farming</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drug resistance in microorganisms</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Mastitis</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk production</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Débora Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawamo, Denise Miyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Isadora Brito da</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahal, Isabelle Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valle, Juliana Silveira do</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Suelen Pereira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gazim, Zilda Cristiani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piau Junior, Ranunlfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves, Daniela Dib</creatorcontrib><jtitle>Animals (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fazoli, Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti</au><au>Rey, Laisa Marina Rosa</au><au>Rúbio, Kariny Aparecida Jardim</au><au>Garcia Souza, Mateus Augusto</au><au>Oliveira, Halison Murilo da Silva</au><au>Ribeiro, Débora Cristina</au><au>Pereira, Kelly Regina de Jesus Duarte</au><au>Kawamo, Denise Miyuki</au><au>Gomes, Thays Karollyni Amaral</au><au>Silva, Isadora Brito da</au><au>Santos, Isabela Carvalho dos</au><au>Ferreira, Larissa Rafaela de Paula</au><au>Rahal, Isabelle Luiz</au><au>Valle, Juliana Silveira do</au><au>Ruiz, Suelen Pereira</au><au>Faria, Maria Graciela Iecher</au><au>Gazim, Zilda Cristiani</au><au>Piau Junior, Ranunlfo</au><au>Gonçalves, Daniela Dib</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the Imec/IA Gene and Identification of IESBL/I Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties</atitle><jtitle>Animals (Basel)</jtitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>7</issue><issn>2076-2615</issn><eissn>2076-2615</eissn><abstract>Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of mastitis milk samples, milking hands and milking equipment from small dairy farms belonging to northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fifteen small, non-technical dairy farms in three municipalities, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 36.20% were classified as multiresistant. It is also worth noting the presence of an isolate of Enterobater agglomerans and one of Moellerella wisconsensis in the hands of milkers and milking machines, phenotypically producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). As for the presence of the mecA gene, 72.72% isolated came from milk, 18.18% from insufflators and 9.1% from milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The results of this work directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can make possible the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers' hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.</abstract><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/ani13071147</doi></addata></record> |
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source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Antibacterial agents Beta lactamases Dairy farming Disease transmission Drug resistance in microorganisms Genes Mastitis Milk Milk production |
title | Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the Imec/IA Gene and Identification of IESBL/I Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T19%3A52%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Resistance%20Profile%20of%20Bovine%20Mastitis%20Isolates,%20Presence%20of%20the%20Imec/IA%20Gene%20and%20Identification%20of%20IESBL/I%20Producing%20Strains%20from%20Small%20Rural%20Dairy%20Properties&rft.jtitle=Animals%20(Basel)&rft.au=Fazoli,%20Kawany%20Gabrieli%20Zanetti&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.issn=2076-2615&rft.eissn=2076-2615&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ani13071147&rft_dat=%3Cgale%3EA751912978%3C/gale%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A751912978&rfr_iscdi=true |