Efficacy of lidocaine local anesthesia on pain perception during amniocentesis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials/Lidokain lokal anestezisinin amniyosentez sirasinda agri algisi uzerindeki etkinligi: Randomize kontrollu calismalarin bir meta-analizi

To evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine local analgesia on maternal pain reduction during amniocentesis. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases were screened from inception and updated in July 2022. The included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were evaluated for the risk of bias via the Cochrane tool. The primary outcome was pain perception using the 10 cm visual analog scale, and was summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the mode of administration. Meta-analysis was done via Review Manager software. We included five RCTs totaling 1004 women (lidocaine arm n=502 patients and control arm n=502 patients). Overall, there was no significant difference between both arms [MD=-0.21, 95% CI (-0.48, 0.07), p=0.80]. The pooled analysis showed homogeneity (p=0.13, [I.sup.2]=43%). Subgroup analysis according to the mode of administration showed that pain perception did not significantly differ between both arms when lidocaine was employed as injection [n=3 RCTs, MD=-0.26, 95% CI (-0.76, 0.23), p=0.29] or non-injection [n=2 RCTs, MD=-0.18, 95% CI (-0.55, 0.18), p=0.33]. The pooled analyses showed heterogeneity (p=0.05, [I.sup.2]=66%) and homogeneity (p=0.27, [I.sup.2]=19%), respectively. There was no noteworthy change concerning maternal pain perception between the lidocaine and control arms. Most women reported just minimal discomfort during amniocentesis. Counseling should educate patients that the pain they might experience during amniocentesis is comparable to venous blood sampling. Keywords: Amniocentesis, local anesthesia, pain, pregnancy, analgesia Bu calismada amac, lidokain ile lokal analjezinin amniyosentez sirasinda annenin agrisinin azaltilmasi uzerindeki etkinligini degerlendirmektir. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science ve CENTRAL veritabanlari baslangictan itibaren arandi ve Temmuz 2022'de guncellendi. Dahil edilen randomize kontrollu arastirmalar (RKC'ler), Cochrane araci araciligiyla bias hatasi riski acisindan degerlendirildi. Primer sonlanim, 10 cm'lik gorsel analog skala kullanilarak agri algisinin olcumu idi ve rastgele etkiler modelinde %95 guven araligi (GA) ile ortalama fark (MD) olarak ozetlendi. Uygulama sekline gore alt grup analizi yapildi. Meta-analiz, Review Manager yazilimi araciligiyla yapildi. Toplam 1.004 kadini kapsayan bes RKC'yi dahil ettik. Bunlardan 502 hasta lidokain grubuna, 502 hasta ise kontrol grubuna ayrildi. Gen