Early Serum Heme Oxygenase-1, Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1, and B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia-2 Levels and Unfavorable Obstetric Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To examine early pregnancy levels of serum heme oxygenase-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 in relation to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal macrosomia. STUDY DESIGN: A total of randomly selected 140 pregnancies were included in this prospective study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained between 110/7 and 136/7 gestational weeks. All pregnancies were followed up until the outcomes were obtained and classified as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, and uncomplicated ones. RESULTS: Significantly high levels of early serum heme oxygenase-1 were found in the cases who subsequently developed preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia (p