First evidence for an aposematic function of a very common color pattern in small insects

Many small parasitoid wasps have a black head, an orange mesosoma and a black metasoma (BOB color pattern), which is usually present in both sexes. A likely function of this widespread pattern is aposematic (warning) coloration, but this has never been investigated. To test this hypothesis, we prese...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2021-02, Vol.16 (2), p.e0237288-e0237288, Article 0237288
Hauptverfasser: Mora-Castro, Rebeca, Alfaro-Cordoba, Marcela, Hernandez-Jimenez, Marcela, Otarola, Mauricio Fernandez, Mendez-Rivera, Michael, Ramirez-Morales, Didier, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Carlos E., Duran-Rodriguez, Andres, Hanson, Paul E.
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creator Mora-Castro, Rebeca
Alfaro-Cordoba, Marcela
Hernandez-Jimenez, Marcela
Otarola, Mauricio Fernandez
Mendez-Rivera, Michael
Ramirez-Morales, Didier
Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Carlos E.
Duran-Rodriguez, Andres
Hanson, Paul E.
description Many small parasitoid wasps have a black head, an orange mesosoma and a black metasoma (BOB color pattern), which is usually present in both sexes. A likely function of this widespread pattern is aposematic (warning) coloration, but this has never been investigated. To test this hypothesis, we presented spider predators (Lyssomanes jemineus), both field-captured and bred in captivity from eggs, to four wasp genera (Baryconus, Chromoteleia, Macroteleia and Scelio), each genus being represented by a BOB morphospecies and black morphospecies. We also used false prey, consisting of lures made of painted rice grains. Behavioral responses were analyzed with respect to presence or absence of the BOB pattern. In order to better understand the results obtained, two additional studies were performed. First, the reflection spectrum of the cuticle of the wasp and a theoretical visual sensibility of the spider were used to calculate a parameter we called "absorption contrast" that allows comparing the perception contrast between black and orange in each wasp genus as viewed by the spider. Second, acute toxicity trials with the water flea, Daphnia magna, were performed to determine toxicity differences between BOB and non-BOB wasps. At least some of the results suggest that the BOB color pattern may possibly play an aposematic role.
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A likely function of this widespread pattern is aposematic (warning) coloration, but this has never been investigated. To test this hypothesis, we presented spider predators (Lyssomanes jemineus), both field-captured and bred in captivity from eggs, to four wasp genera (Baryconus, Chromoteleia, Macroteleia and Scelio), each genus being represented by a BOB morphospecies and black morphospecies. We also used false prey, consisting of lures made of painted rice grains. Behavioral responses were analyzed with respect to presence or absence of the BOB pattern. In order to better understand the results obtained, two additional studies were performed. First, the reflection spectrum of the cuticle of the wasp and a theoretical visual sensibility of the spider were used to calculate a parameter we called "absorption contrast" that allows comparing the perception contrast between black and orange in each wasp genus as viewed by the spider. 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subjects Analysis
Aposematism
Behavior
Biology and Life Sciences
Color
Color vision
Computer programs
Conservation
Conservation areas
Diurnal
Drafting software
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Editing
Energy conservation
Eye (anatomy)
Foliage
Hunting
Insects
Invertebrates
Leaves
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methodology
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Photosensitivity
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
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title First evidence for an aposematic function of a very common color pattern in small insects
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