Modeling predator and prey hotspots: Management implications of baleen whale co-occurrence with krill in Central California
As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae...
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| description | As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and their prey (Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) in central California. We provide insights into environmental drivers of the ecology and distribution of these species, model whale distributions and determine coincident hotspots of whales and their prey that will help decrease human threats to whales and protect critical feeding habitat. We developed separate predictive models of whale abundances (using negative binomial regression on count data) and krill abundance (using a two-part hurdlemodel combining logistic and negative binomial regressions) over a 14 year period (2004-2017). Variables included in situ surface and midwater oceanographic measures (temperature, salinity, and fluorescence), basin-scale climate indices, and bathymetric- and distance-related data. Predictions were applied to 1 km.sup.2 cells spanning the study area for May, June, July, and September during each of the 14 years of surveys to identify persistent distribution patterns. Both whales and krill were found to consistently use the northeast region of Cordell Bank, the Farallon Escarpment, and the shelf-break waters. The main identified blue whale hotspots were also krill hotspots, while co-occurrence was more limited and varied seasonally for humpback whales and krill. These results are valuable in identifying patterns in important areas of ecological interaction to assist management of whales. Areas north of Cordell Bank are of particular management concern since they overlap with the end of the San Francisco Bay northern shipping lane. Our findings can help decrease threats to whales, particularly in important foraging areas, by supporting implementation of vessel management and informing potential conflicts with other human uses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0235603 |
| format | Article |
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Cotton ; Elliott, Meredith L. ; Saenz, Benjamin ; Nur, Nadav ; Jahncke, Jaime</creator><creatorcontrib>Rockwood, R. Cotton ; Elliott, Meredith L. ; Saenz, Benjamin ; Nur, Nadav ; Jahncke, Jaime</creatorcontrib><description>As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and their prey (Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) in central California. We provide insights into environmental drivers of the ecology and distribution of these species, model whale distributions and determine coincident hotspots of whales and their prey that will help decrease human threats to whales and protect critical feeding habitat. We developed separate predictive models of whale abundances (using negative binomial regression on count data) and krill abundance (using a two-part hurdlemodel combining logistic and negative binomial regressions) over a 14 year period (2004-2017). Variables included in situ surface and midwater oceanographic measures (temperature, salinity, and fluorescence), basin-scale climate indices, and bathymetric- and distance-related data. Predictions were applied to 1 km.sup.2 cells spanning the study area for May, June, July, and September during each of the 14 years of surveys to identify persistent distribution patterns. Both whales and krill were found to consistently use the northeast region of Cordell Bank, the Farallon Escarpment, and the shelf-break waters. The main identified blue whale hotspots were also krill hotspots, while co-occurrence was more limited and varied seasonally for humpback whales and krill. These results are valuable in identifying patterns in important areas of ecological interaction to assist management of whales. Areas north of Cordell Bank are of particular management concern since they overlap with the end of the San Francisco Bay northern shipping lane. Our findings can help decrease threats to whales, particularly in important foraging areas, by supporting implementation of vessel management and informing potential conflicts with other human uses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235603</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32634142</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Aquatic mammals ; Balaenoptera musculus ; Baleen whales ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomass ; Cetacea ; Climate change ; Climatic indexes ; Coasts ; Distribution ; Distribution patterns ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological effects ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; El Nino ; Endangered & extinct species ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental factors ; Escarpments ; Euphausia pacifica ; Fisheries ; Fluorescence ; Food and nutrition ; Foraging habitats ; Geographical distribution ; Growth ; Hot spots ; Krill ; Management ; Megaptera novaeangliae ; Offshore ; People and places ; Physical Sciences ; Population ; Predation (Biology) ; Prediction models ; Prey ; Protection and preservation ; Salinity ; Social Sciences ; Thysanoessa spinifera ; Whales ; Whales & whaling ; Wildlife ; Wildlife conservation ; Wildlife habitats ; Wildlife management ; Wildlife sanctuaries</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-07, Vol.15 (7), p.e0235603-e0235603</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Rockwood et al. 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Cotton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elliott, Meredith L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saenz, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nur, Nadav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jahncke, Jaime</creatorcontrib><title>Modeling predator and prey hotspots: Management implications of baleen whale co-occurrence with krill in Central California</title><title>PloS one</title><description>As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and their prey (Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) in central California. 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Our findings can help decrease threats to whales, particularly in important foraging areas, by supporting implementation of vessel management and informing potential conflicts with other human uses.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Balaenoptera musculus</subject><subject>Baleen whales</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climatic indexes</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Distribution patterns</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>Endangered & extinct species</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Escarpments</subject><subject>Euphausia pacifica</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Food and nutrition</subject><subject>Foraging habitats</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Hot spots</subject><subject>Krill</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Megaptera novaeangliae</subject><subject>Offshore</subject><subject>People and places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Predation (Biology)</subject><subject>Prediction models</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>Protection and preservation</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Thysanoessa spinifera</subject><subject>Whales</subject><subject>Whales & whaling</subject><subject>Wildlife</subject><subject>Wildlife conservation</subject><subject>Wildlife habitats</subject><subject>Wildlife management</subject><subject>Wildlife sanctuaries</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6DwQDgngzY77apl4sLIMfC7t4o9fhNEmnGTNJTVqXxT9vOlNlR7wIJx9P3nPe5BTFS4LXhNXk3S5M0YNbD8GbNaasrDB7VJyThtFVRTF7_GB-VjxLaYdxyURVPS3OGK0YJ5yeF79ugzbO-i0aotEwhojA63lxj_owpiGP9-gWPGzN3vgR2f3grILRBp9Q6FALzhiP7vockQqroNQUo_HKoDs79uh7tM4h69Em347g0Aac7UL0Fp4XTzpwybxY4kXx7eOHr5vPq5svn643VzcrxRs6rljdCgaMEV1rJpRoGs2JoFRzIKLUyjCoGVCoqaFl0-Vg6rbWjaJEVEyV7KJ4ddQdXEhyebckKacE1xQLkYnrI6ED7OQQ7R7ivQxg5WEjxK2EOFrljNQacF1iVRJMeEWFwLysoGyhVIB522StyyXb1O5NLu9g-0T09MTbXm7DT1kzjqmYy327CMTwYzJplHublHEOvAnTsW5ekQrzjL7-B_2_u4Xa5j-S1nch51WzqLw6OMhUnak3D6jegBv7FNx0-OlTkB9BFUNK0XR_vREs59b8U4ScW1Murcl-AzRf1xw</recordid><startdate>20200707</startdate><enddate>20200707</enddate><creator>Rockwood, R. 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Cotton</au><au>Elliott, Meredith L.</au><au>Saenz, Benjamin</au><au>Nur, Nadav</au><au>Jahncke, Jaime</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modeling predator and prey hotspots: Management implications of baleen whale co-occurrence with krill in Central California</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><date>2020-07-07</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0235603</spage><epage>e0235603</epage><pages>e0235603-e0235603</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and their prey (Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) in central California. We provide insights into environmental drivers of the ecology and distribution of these species, model whale distributions and determine coincident hotspots of whales and their prey that will help decrease human threats to whales and protect critical feeding habitat. We developed separate predictive models of whale abundances (using negative binomial regression on count data) and krill abundance (using a two-part hurdlemodel combining logistic and negative binomial regressions) over a 14 year period (2004-2017). Variables included in situ surface and midwater oceanographic measures (temperature, salinity, and fluorescence), basin-scale climate indices, and bathymetric- and distance-related data. Predictions were applied to 1 km.sup.2 cells spanning the study area for May, June, July, and September during each of the 14 years of surveys to identify persistent distribution patterns. Both whales and krill were found to consistently use the northeast region of Cordell Bank, the Farallon Escarpment, and the shelf-break waters. The main identified blue whale hotspots were also krill hotspots, while co-occurrence was more limited and varied seasonally for humpback whales and krill. These results are valuable in identifying patterns in important areas of ecological interaction to assist management of whales. Areas north of Cordell Bank are of particular management concern since they overlap with the end of the San Francisco Bay northern shipping lane. Our findings can help decrease threats to whales, particularly in important foraging areas, by supporting implementation of vessel management and informing potential conflicts with other human uses.</abstract><cop>San Francisco</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32634142</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0235603</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-4221</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Aquatic mammals Balaenoptera musculus Baleen whales Biology and Life Sciences Biomass Cetacea Climate change Climatic indexes Coasts Distribution Distribution patterns Earth Sciences Ecological effects Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences El Nino Endangered & extinct species Environmental aspects Environmental factors Escarpments Euphausia pacifica Fisheries Fluorescence Food and nutrition Foraging habitats Geographical distribution Growth Hot spots Krill Management Megaptera novaeangliae Offshore People and places Physical Sciences Population Predation (Biology) Prediction models Prey Protection and preservation Salinity Social Sciences Thysanoessa spinifera Whales Whales & whaling Wildlife Wildlife conservation Wildlife habitats Wildlife management Wildlife sanctuaries |
| title | Modeling predator and prey hotspots: Management implications of baleen whale co-occurrence with krill in Central California |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-21T14%3A59%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Modeling%20predator%20and%20prey%20hotspots:%20Management%20implications%20of%20baleen%20whale%20co-occurrence%20with%20krill%20in%20Central%20California&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Rockwood,%20R.%20Cotton&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0235603&rft.epage=e0235603&rft.pages=e0235603-e0235603&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0235603&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA628802087%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2421072088&rft_id=info:pmid/32634142&rft_galeid=A628802087&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_dda0750c5101462880456a5ba5ca04b9&rfr_iscdi=true |