Evaluation of hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 80% methanolic seed extract of Calpurnia aurea in mice

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic health problems in the world. As currently available antidiabetic medications have limitations in terms of safety, efficacy, and cost, it is an important research area to investigate medicinal plants for new antidiabetic compounds that can lead to effective, safe and less costly pharmacotherapy. The present study was done to evaluate the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of 80% methanolic seed extract of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. (Fabaceae) in mice. Methods: Blood glucose lowering activity of three doses (2.75 mg/kg, 5.5 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg) of the hydromethanolic seed extract of Calpurnia aurea was studied in three animal models: normoglycemic mice, oral glucose-loaded mice, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, the effect of the seed extract on body weight and serum lipid profile was studied in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug in all animal models of the study. Blood glucose level was measured using a glucose meter, whereas serum lipid level was measured using an automated chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test. Results: Hydromethanolic extract of C. aurea seeds showed blood glucose lowering activity in all animal models, and it improved body weight loss and diabetic dyslipidemia in diabetic mice after 14 days of treatment. Conclusion: This study revealed that hydromethanolic extract of Calpurnia aurea seeds has significant hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, calpurnia aurea, streptozotocin, seed, mice