Seedlings emergency and rooting of cutting and air layering rootstocks for macadamia walnut/Emergencia de plantulas e enraizamento de estacas e alporques de porta-enxertos de nogueira-macadamia

The macadamia cultivation presents itself as an important alternative for fruit growers in Sao Paulo state, mainly because of its rusticity and the value reached by their fruits. However, studies related to propagation are essential for the correct seedlings production system. In order to evaluated the emergency of seedlings, rooting of cuttings and air layering of macadamia walnut rootstock, different experiments were carried: seedlings emergency of eight macadamia walnut cultivars ('HAES- 344', 'HAES-660', 'IAC 1-21', 'HAES-816', 'IAC 4-20', 'IAC Campinas--B', 'Aloha' and 'IAC 4-12-B'); seedlings emergence of macadamia rootstock 'Aloha' at different temperatures in substrate (23, 25, 27, 29 and 31°C); rooting of different types of cuttings of macadamia walnut rootstock 'Aloha' (cutting with one leave, two leaves, one leave reduced and two leaves reduced) treated with or without indolbutyric acid (3,000 mg [L.sup.-1]) for 10 seconds; air layering in branches of macadamia rootstock 'Aloha', done at different periods (August, December and April) and treated with different concentrations of IBA (0, 3,000, 6,000 and 9,000 for 10 seconds). The results showed as well as higher dry mass of shoot and root system were registered Aloha cultivar; the highest seedlings emergence was achieved by temperature of 27.5°C; the highest rooting percentage was obtained with cuttings with two leaves had and treatment with IBA; the best results for the air layering propagation was obtained in December, without IBA treatment.