Optimization of solids-to-liquid and alkali activator ratios of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder
► Both S/L and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios affect strength significantly. ► These ratios controlled the level of porosity in the resulted geopolymer pastes. ► Strength peaked at an optimum value and decreased for any subsequent increase. ► There is always an optimum ratio that leads to product with higher s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Construction & building materials 2012-12, Vol.37, p.440-451 |
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| creator | Liew, Y.M. Kamarudin, H. Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M. Bnhussain, M. Luqman, M. Khairul Nizar, I. Ruzaidi, C.M. Heah, C.Y. |
| description | ► Both S/L and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios affect strength significantly. ► These ratios controlled the level of porosity in the resulted geopolymer pastes. ► Strength peaked at an optimum value and decreased for any subsequent increase. ► There is always an optimum ratio that leads to product with higher strength. ► The geopolymer system comprised of amorphous gel and crystalline zeolite phase.
This paper investigates the effect of S/L and alkali activator ratios on the synthesis of geopolymeric powder. Geopolymeric powder was synthesized by applying geopolymerization process. By adopting the concept of “just adding water”, resulted geopolymer paste was produced from geopolymeric powder. Compressive testing, bulk density measurement SEM, EDX, XRD and IR analyses were performed. The results concluded that solids-to-liquid and waterglass-to-NaOH solution ratios affected the strength significantly and these ratios were optimized at 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. The densification of microstructure, presence of amorphous gels and crystalline zeolite phases as well as the increase in the geopolymer bonding could be revealed in this study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.075 |
| format | Article |
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This paper investigates the effect of S/L and alkali activator ratios on the synthesis of geopolymeric powder. Geopolymeric powder was synthesized by applying geopolymerization process. By adopting the concept of “just adding water”, resulted geopolymer paste was produced from geopolymeric powder. Compressive testing, bulk density measurement SEM, EDX, XRD and IR analyses were performed. The results concluded that solids-to-liquid and waterglass-to-NaOH solution ratios affected the strength significantly and these ratios were optimized at 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. The densification of microstructure, presence of amorphous gels and crystalline zeolite phases as well as the increase in the geopolymer bonding could be revealed in this study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-0618</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0526</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.075</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Alkali activator ratio ; Analysis ; Calcined kaolin ; Clay ; Geopolymeric powder ; Geopolymers ; Mechanical properties ; Powders ; Solids-to-liquid ratio ; Waterglass-to-sodium hydroxide ratio ; Zeolites</subject><ispartof>Construction & building materials, 2012-12, Vol.37, p.440-451</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7d332ebd20e2d541570d1e4bb8ef98882b85eee8c07fa833ed3a0e1de16d3e263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7d332ebd20e2d541570d1e4bb8ef98882b85eee8c07fa833ed3a0e1de16d3e263</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061812005454$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liew, Y.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamarudin, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bnhussain, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luqman, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khairul Nizar, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruzaidi, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heah, C.Y.</creatorcontrib><title>Optimization of solids-to-liquid and alkali activator ratios of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder</title><title>Construction & building materials</title><description>► Both S/L and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios affect strength significantly. ► These ratios controlled the level of porosity in the resulted geopolymer pastes. ► Strength peaked at an optimum value and decreased for any subsequent increase. ► There is always an optimum ratio that leads to product with higher strength. ► The geopolymer system comprised of amorphous gel and crystalline zeolite phase.
This paper investigates the effect of S/L and alkali activator ratios on the synthesis of geopolymeric powder. Geopolymeric powder was synthesized by applying geopolymerization process. By adopting the concept of “just adding water”, resulted geopolymer paste was produced from geopolymeric powder. Compressive testing, bulk density measurement SEM, EDX, XRD and IR analyses were performed. The results concluded that solids-to-liquid and waterglass-to-NaOH solution ratios affected the strength significantly and these ratios were optimized at 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. The densification of microstructure, presence of amorphous gels and crystalline zeolite phases as well as the increase in the geopolymer bonding could be revealed in this study.</description><subject>Alkali activator ratio</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Calcined kaolin</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Geopolymeric powder</subject><subject>Geopolymers</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Powders</subject><subject>Solids-to-liquid ratio</subject><subject>Waterglass-to-sodium hydroxide ratio</subject><subject>Zeolites</subject><issn>0950-0618</issn><issn>1879-0526</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>N95</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1r3DAQhkVJoZuk_8El19rVx9qWj2Fp00Igl-YsZGnszkaWNpI2Jfn11bI9JLCHoNEIxPPMYV5CvjDaMMq6b9vGBD_u0dlF54ZTxhval2o_kBWT_VDTlndnZEWHlta0Y_ITOU9pSynteMdXxNztMi74ojMGX4WpSsGhTXUOtcPHPdpK-3Ldg3ZYaZPxSecQq3jg04E32hn0YKsHXUxfzRB2wT0vENFUu_DXQrwkHyftEnz-_16Q-x_ff29-1rd3N78217e1WXci170VgsNoOQVu2zVre2oZrMdRwjRIKfkoWwCQhvaTlkKAFZoCs8A6K4B34oJcHefO2oFCP4UctVkwGXUteM9FOwyiUPUJagYPUbvgYcLy_YZvTvDlWFjQnBS-vhLGfSrrSaUlnP_kNOt9Sm_x4YibGFKKMKldxEXHZ8WoOmSstupVxuqQsaJ9qba4m6MLZa1PCFElg-ANWIxgsrIB3zHlH4kqtuA</recordid><startdate>201212</startdate><enddate>201212</enddate><creator>Liew, Y.M.</creator><creator>Kamarudin, H.</creator><creator>Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M.</creator><creator>Bnhussain, M.</creator><creator>Luqman, M.</creator><creator>Khairul Nizar, I.</creator><creator>Ruzaidi, C.M.</creator><creator>Heah, C.Y.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>N95</scope><scope>XI7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201212</creationdate><title>Optimization of solids-to-liquid and alkali activator ratios of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder</title><author>Liew, Y.M. ; Kamarudin, H. ; Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M. ; Bnhussain, M. ; Luqman, M. ; Khairul Nizar, I. ; Ruzaidi, C.M. ; Heah, C.Y.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7d332ebd20e2d541570d1e4bb8ef98882b85eee8c07fa833ed3a0e1de16d3e263</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Alkali activator ratio</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Calcined kaolin</topic><topic>Clay</topic><topic>Geopolymeric powder</topic><topic>Geopolymers</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Powders</topic><topic>Solids-to-liquid ratio</topic><topic>Waterglass-to-sodium hydroxide ratio</topic><topic>Zeolites</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liew, Y.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamarudin, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bnhussain, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luqman, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khairul Nizar, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruzaidi, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heah, C.Y.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Business: Insights</collection><collection>Business Insights: Essentials</collection><jtitle>Construction & building materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liew, Y.M.</au><au>Kamarudin, H.</au><au>Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M.</au><au>Bnhussain, M.</au><au>Luqman, M.</au><au>Khairul Nizar, I.</au><au>Ruzaidi, C.M.</au><au>Heah, C.Y.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optimization of solids-to-liquid and alkali activator ratios of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder</atitle><jtitle>Construction & building materials</jtitle><date>2012-12</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>37</volume><spage>440</spage><epage>451</epage><pages>440-451</pages><issn>0950-0618</issn><eissn>1879-0526</eissn><abstract>► Both S/L and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios affect strength significantly. ► These ratios controlled the level of porosity in the resulted geopolymer pastes. ► Strength peaked at an optimum value and decreased for any subsequent increase. ► There is always an optimum ratio that leads to product with higher strength. ► The geopolymer system comprised of amorphous gel and crystalline zeolite phase.
This paper investigates the effect of S/L and alkali activator ratios on the synthesis of geopolymeric powder. Geopolymeric powder was synthesized by applying geopolymerization process. By adopting the concept of “just adding water”, resulted geopolymer paste was produced from geopolymeric powder. Compressive testing, bulk density measurement SEM, EDX, XRD and IR analyses were performed. The results concluded that solids-to-liquid and waterglass-to-NaOH solution ratios affected the strength significantly and these ratios were optimized at 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. The densification of microstructure, presence of amorphous gels and crystalline zeolite phases as well as the increase in the geopolymer bonding could be revealed in this study.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.075</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Alkali activator ratio Analysis Calcined kaolin Clay Geopolymeric powder Geopolymers Mechanical properties Powders Solids-to-liquid ratio Waterglass-to-sodium hydroxide ratio Zeolites |
| title | Optimization of solids-to-liquid and alkali activator ratios of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder |
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