Effects of fluorosis on QT dispersion, heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in children/Cocuklarda QT dispersiyonu, kalp hizi degiskenligi ve ekokardiyografik parametrelere florozisin etkileri
Objective: Chronic fluoride poisoning is called fluorosis. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular system in children by measuring QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd), heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography findings. Methods: Thirty-f...
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description | Objective: Chronic fluoride poisoning is called fluorosis. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular system in children by measuring QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd), heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography findings. Methods: Thirty-five children with dental fluorosis and 26 children as control group were included in this cross-sectional study. Dean index was used for the clinical diagnosis. The fluoride levels of subjects measured by ion electrode method in spot urine higher than 0.6 ppm were included in the study. Serum electrolytes and thyroid function tests were analyzed. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitorizations were applied, and all the data were analyzed for measuring HRV, and calculation of QTd and QTcd intervals. Corrected QT (QTc) intervals were determined with the Bazzett formula. Difference between the longest and shortest intervals was considered as dispersion. Statistical analysis was performed Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Low free thyroxine hormone (FT4) (Control Group, Group 2 1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, p |
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The aim of the study was to investigate effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular system in children by measuring QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd), heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography findings. Methods: Thirty-five children with dental fluorosis and 26 children as control group were included in this cross-sectional study. Dean index was used for the clinical diagnosis. The fluoride levels of subjects measured by ion electrode method in spot urine higher than 0.6 ppm were included in the study. Serum electrolytes and thyroid function tests were analyzed. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitorizations were applied, and all the data were analyzed for measuring HRV, and calculation of QTd and QTcd intervals. Corrected QT (QTc) intervals were determined with the Bazzett formula. Difference between the longest and shortest intervals was considered as dispersion. Statistical analysis was performed Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Low free thyroxine hormone (FT4) (Control Group, Group 2 1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, p<0.05), calcium (Control Group, Group 1, 2,9.80 (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60 (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50 (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) and high serum sodium levels (Control Group, Group 2 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138-148) mEq/L, p<0.01), increased QT (Control Group, Group 2 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msec, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msec, p<0.05) and QTc intervals (Control Group, Group 12 390.6 (309.0-418.5) msec, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msec, p<0.05) were found in subjects with fluorosis. No significant difference was found with respect to echocardiography and HRV variables. Conclusion: Endemic fluorosis is a risk factor for decrease in calcium and FT4 levels, increase in sodium levels and QT prolongation. These findings might be related with some cardiovascular system dysfunctions such as arrhythmias or syncope. Subjects with fluorosis should be monitored in terms of long QT and QTc intervals. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11:150-51 Key words: Fluorosis, QT interval, QTc dispersions, heart rate variability, child Amac: Kronik flor zehirlenmesine florozis denilir. Bu cahsmanin amaci, cocuklardaki florozisin kardiyovaskuler sistem uzerine olan etkilerini, QT dispersiyonu (QTd), duzeltilmis QT dispersiyonu (QTcd), kalp hizi degiskenligi (KHD) ve ekokardiyografi (EKO) bulgulari ile incelemektir. Yontemler: Enine-kesitli bu arastirmada, dental florozisli 35, saglikli 26 cocuk calismaya alinmistir. Klinik tani Dean indeks kullanilarak konulmustur. Spotidrarda florseviyesi iyon elektrot metodu ile 0.6 ppm uzerinde olculen olgular cahsmaya alinmistir. Serum elektrolit seviyeleri, tiroit fonksiyon testleri blculmustur. Elektrokardiyografik, ekokardiyografik ve 24-saatlik ambulatuvar Holter monitorizasyonlan uygulanmis ve turn veriler KHD olc-mek icin degerlendirildi, QT ve QTcd arahklan hesaplanmistir. Duzeltilmis. QT araligi Bazzett formulu ile belirlenmistir. En uzun ve en kisa olcumler arasmdaki fark dispersiyon olarak adlandinlmistir. Gruplarm karsjlastinlmasi Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Florozisi bulunan olgularda serbest T4 (ST4) (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2,1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, sirasiyla, p<0.05) ve kalsiyum seviyelerinde (Kontrol Grup, Grup 1, Grup 2, 9.80, (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60, (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50, (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) azalma, serum sodyum degerlerinde artma (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138148) mEq/L, p<0.01), QT (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msn, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msn, p<0.05) ve QTc surelerinde bir uzama (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2 390.6 (309.0418.5) msn, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msn, p<0.05) saptanmistir. Ekokardiyografik ve kalp hizi degickenligi degerlendirilmesinde anlamli bir fark gozlenmemistir. Sonuc: Endemik florozis azalmis kalsiyum ve ST4, artmis sodyum seviyeleri, QT uzamasi acisindan risk faktorudur. Bu bulgular senkop ve aritmi gibi bazi kardiyovaskuler sistem disfonksiyonlariyla iliskilidir. Florozisli olgular, QT ve QTc suresi uzamasi acismdan takip edilmelidir. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11: 150-5) Anahtar kelimeler: Florozis, QT, QTc dispersiyonlari, kalp hizi degiskenligi, cocuk]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1302-8723</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5152/akd.2011.038</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>KARE Publishing</publisher><ispartof>Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD, 2011-03, Vol.11 (2), p.150</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 KARE Publishing</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karademir, Selmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akcam, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuybulu, Ayca Esra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olgar, Seref</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oktem, Faruk</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of fluorosis on QT dispersion, heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in children/Cocuklarda QT dispersiyonu, kalp hizi degiskenligi ve ekokardiyografik parametrelere florozisin etkileri</title><title>Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD</title><description><![CDATA[Objective: Chronic fluoride poisoning is called fluorosis. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular system in children by measuring QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd), heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography findings. Methods: Thirty-five children with dental fluorosis and 26 children as control group were included in this cross-sectional study. Dean index was used for the clinical diagnosis. The fluoride levels of subjects measured by ion electrode method in spot urine higher than 0.6 ppm were included in the study. Serum electrolytes and thyroid function tests were analyzed. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitorizations were applied, and all the data were analyzed for measuring HRV, and calculation of QTd and QTcd intervals. Corrected QT (QTc) intervals were determined with the Bazzett formula. Difference between the longest and shortest intervals was considered as dispersion. Statistical analysis was performed Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Low free thyroxine hormone (FT4) (Control Group, Group 2 1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, p<0.05), calcium (Control Group, Group 1, 2,9.80 (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60 (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50 (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) and high serum sodium levels (Control Group, Group 2 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138-148) mEq/L, p<0.01), increased QT (Control Group, Group 2 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msec, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msec, p<0.05) and QTc intervals (Control Group, Group 12 390.6 (309.0-418.5) msec, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msec, p<0.05) were found in subjects with fluorosis. No significant difference was found with respect to echocardiography and HRV variables. Conclusion: Endemic fluorosis is a risk factor for decrease in calcium and FT4 levels, increase in sodium levels and QT prolongation. These findings might be related with some cardiovascular system dysfunctions such as arrhythmias or syncope. Subjects with fluorosis should be monitored in terms of long QT and QTc intervals. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11:150-51 Key words: Fluorosis, QT interval, QTc dispersions, heart rate variability, child Amac: Kronik flor zehirlenmesine florozis denilir. Bu cahsmanin amaci, cocuklardaki florozisin kardiyovaskuler sistem uzerine olan etkilerini, QT dispersiyonu (QTd), duzeltilmis QT dispersiyonu (QTcd), kalp hizi degiskenligi (KHD) ve ekokardiyografi (EKO) bulgulari ile incelemektir. Yontemler: Enine-kesitli bu arastirmada, dental florozisli 35, saglikli 26 cocuk calismaya alinmistir. Klinik tani Dean indeks kullanilarak konulmustur. Spotidrarda florseviyesi iyon elektrot metodu ile 0.6 ppm uzerinde olculen olgular cahsmaya alinmistir. Serum elektrolit seviyeleri, tiroit fonksiyon testleri blculmustur. Elektrokardiyografik, ekokardiyografik ve 24-saatlik ambulatuvar Holter monitorizasyonlan uygulanmis ve turn veriler KHD olc-mek icin degerlendirildi, QT ve QTcd arahklan hesaplanmistir. Duzeltilmis. QT araligi Bazzett formulu ile belirlenmistir. En uzun ve en kisa olcumler arasmdaki fark dispersiyon olarak adlandinlmistir. Gruplarm karsjlastinlmasi Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Florozisi bulunan olgularda serbest T4 (ST4) (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2,1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, sirasiyla, p<0.05) ve kalsiyum seviyelerinde (Kontrol Grup, Grup 1, Grup 2, 9.80, (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60, (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50, (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) azalma, serum sodyum degerlerinde artma (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138148) mEq/L, p<0.01), QT (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msn, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msn, p<0.05) ve QTc surelerinde bir uzama (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2 390.6 (309.0418.5) msn, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msn, p<0.05) saptanmistir. Ekokardiyografik ve kalp hizi degickenligi degerlendirilmesinde anlamli bir fark gozlenmemistir. Sonuc: Endemik florozis azalmis kalsiyum ve ST4, artmis sodyum seviyeleri, QT uzamasi acisindan risk faktorudur. Bu bulgular senkop ve aritmi gibi bazi kardiyovaskuler sistem disfonksiyonlariyla iliskilidir. Florozisli olgular, QT ve QTc suresi uzamasi acismdan takip edilmelidir. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11: 150-5) Anahtar kelimeler: Florozis, QT, QTc dispersiyonlari, kalp hizi degiskenligi, cocuk]]></description><issn>1302-8723</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNptkM9qHDEMxufQQJM0tz6AoNfsxh6PZ2aPYcmfQqAE9h60tjyjjtde7NnA5jH7RPXSBnIIOgiJTz99UlV9l2Kppa5vcLLLWki5FKr_Up1LJepF39Xqa3WR828hdNd2zXn15845MnOG6MD5Q0wxcykCPG_Act5TyhzDNYyEaYaEM8ErJsYte56PgMECmTEaTJbjkHA_HmGPCXc0l1HgAGZkbxOFm3U0h8kXIX6EH2M4XMOEfg8jvzFYGjhPFDwPDK8ENMXpBD-e6I6nd3oiT4mK52L5jXNZRPPEpcffqjOHPtPV_3xZbe7vNuvHxdOvh5_r26fFUC5fSGHaRlpNbddvrdSixl73qA25VqHb0srpTjdb7HvV0KptpT29z6wkatHYRl1WP_5hB_T0wsHFOaHZcTYvt0po1a60OqmWn6hKWNqxiYFc8fxx4C-DM5AB</recordid><startdate>20110301</startdate><enddate>20110301</enddate><creator>Karademir, Selmin</creator><creator>Akcam, Mustafa</creator><creator>Kuybulu, Ayca Esra</creator><creator>Olgar, Seref</creator><creator>Oktem, Faruk</creator><general>KARE Publishing</general><scope/></search><sort><creationdate>20110301</creationdate><title>Effects of fluorosis on QT dispersion, heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in children/Cocuklarda QT dispersiyonu, kalp hizi degiskenligi ve ekokardiyografik parametrelere florozisin etkileri</title><author>Karademir, Selmin ; Akcam, Mustafa ; Kuybulu, Ayca Esra ; Olgar, Seref ; Oktem, Faruk</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-g674-10c641d5e678bd1502a858a5cef63afbe9f5754ba8834e9661d8723c91a504d43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karademir, Selmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akcam, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuybulu, Ayca Esra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olgar, Seref</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oktem, Faruk</creatorcontrib><jtitle>Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Karademir, Selmin</au><au>Akcam, Mustafa</au><au>Kuybulu, Ayca Esra</au><au>Olgar, Seref</au><au>Oktem, Faruk</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of fluorosis on QT dispersion, heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in children/Cocuklarda QT dispersiyonu, kalp hizi degiskenligi ve ekokardiyografik parametrelere florozisin etkileri</atitle><jtitle>Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD</jtitle><date>2011-03-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>150</spage><pages>150-</pages><issn>1302-8723</issn><abstract><![CDATA[Objective: Chronic fluoride poisoning is called fluorosis. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular system in children by measuring QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd), heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography findings. Methods: Thirty-five children with dental fluorosis and 26 children as control group were included in this cross-sectional study. Dean index was used for the clinical diagnosis. The fluoride levels of subjects measured by ion electrode method in spot urine higher than 0.6 ppm were included in the study. Serum electrolytes and thyroid function tests were analyzed. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory Holter monitorizations were applied, and all the data were analyzed for measuring HRV, and calculation of QTd and QTcd intervals. Corrected QT (QTc) intervals were determined with the Bazzett formula. Difference between the longest and shortest intervals was considered as dispersion. Statistical analysis was performed Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation test. Results: Low free thyroxine hormone (FT4) (Control Group, Group 2 1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, p<0.05), calcium (Control Group, Group 1, 2,9.80 (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60 (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50 (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) and high serum sodium levels (Control Group, Group 2 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138-148) mEq/L, p<0.01), increased QT (Control Group, Group 2 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msec, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msec, p<0.05) and QTc intervals (Control Group, Group 12 390.6 (309.0-418.5) msec, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msec, p<0.05) were found in subjects with fluorosis. No significant difference was found with respect to echocardiography and HRV variables. Conclusion: Endemic fluorosis is a risk factor for decrease in calcium and FT4 levels, increase in sodium levels and QT prolongation. These findings might be related with some cardiovascular system dysfunctions such as arrhythmias or syncope. Subjects with fluorosis should be monitored in terms of long QT and QTc intervals. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11:150-51 Key words: Fluorosis, QT interval, QTc dispersions, heart rate variability, child Amac: Kronik flor zehirlenmesine florozis denilir. Bu cahsmanin amaci, cocuklardaki florozisin kardiyovaskuler sistem uzerine olan etkilerini, QT dispersiyonu (QTd), duzeltilmis QT dispersiyonu (QTcd), kalp hizi degiskenligi (KHD) ve ekokardiyografi (EKO) bulgulari ile incelemektir. Yontemler: Enine-kesitli bu arastirmada, dental florozisli 35, saglikli 26 cocuk calismaya alinmistir. Klinik tani Dean indeks kullanilarak konulmustur. Spotidrarda florseviyesi iyon elektrot metodu ile 0.6 ppm uzerinde olculen olgular cahsmaya alinmistir. Serum elektrolit seviyeleri, tiroit fonksiyon testleri blculmustur. Elektrokardiyografik, ekokardiyografik ve 24-saatlik ambulatuvar Holter monitorizasyonlan uygulanmis ve turn veriler KHD olc-mek icin degerlendirildi, QT ve QTcd arahklan hesaplanmistir. Duzeltilmis. QT araligi Bazzett formulu ile belirlenmistir. En uzun ve en kisa olcumler arasmdaki fark dispersiyon olarak adlandinlmistir. Gruplarm karsjlastinlmasi Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Florozisi bulunan olgularda serbest T4 (ST4) (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2,1.11 (0.85-1.64) ng/dL, 0.96 (0.85-1.11) ng/dL, sirasiyla, p<0.05) ve kalsiyum seviyelerinde (Kontrol Grup, Grup 1, Grup 2, 9.80, (9.3010.70) mg/dL, 9.60, (8.90-10.70) mg/dL, 9.50, (8.90-10.10) mg/dL, p<0.05) azalma, serum sodyum degerlerinde artma (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 139 (136-142) mEq/L, 141 (138148) mEq/L, p<0.01), QT (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2, 329.8 (300.0-363.5) msn, 351.8 (318.0-372.0) msn, p<0.05) ve QTc surelerinde bir uzama (Kontrol Grup, Grup 2 390.6 (309.0418.5) msn, 366.8 (318.2-468.5) msn, p<0.05) saptanmistir. Ekokardiyografik ve kalp hizi degickenligi degerlendirilmesinde anlamli bir fark gozlenmemistir. Sonuc: Endemik florozis azalmis kalsiyum ve ST4, artmis sodyum seviyeleri, QT uzamasi acisindan risk faktorudur. Bu bulgular senkop ve aritmi gibi bazi kardiyovaskuler sistem disfonksiyonlariyla iliskilidir. Florozisli olgular, QT ve QTc suresi uzamasi acismdan takip edilmelidir. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2011; 11: 150-5) Anahtar kelimeler: Florozis, QT, QTc dispersiyonlari, kalp hizi degiskenligi, cocuk]]></abstract><pub>KARE Publishing</pub><doi>10.5152/akd.2011.038</doi></addata></record> |
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title | Effects of fluorosis on QT dispersion, heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in children/Cocuklarda QT dispersiyonu, kalp hizi degiskenligi ve ekokardiyografik parametrelere florozisin etkileri |
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