Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba
Elderly patients are more likely to ingest prescription medications concurrently with botanical supplements, and may therefore be vulnerable to herb-drug interactions. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Some evidence suggests...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Drugs & aging 2005-01, Vol.22 (6), p.525-539 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 539 |
---|---|
container_issue | 6 |
container_start_page | 525 |
container_title | Drugs & aging |
container_volume | 22 |
creator | GURLEY, Bill J GARDNER, Stephanie F HUBBARD, Martha A WILLIAMS, D. Keith GENTRY, W. Brooks YANYAN CUI ANG, Catharina Y. W |
description | Elderly patients are more likely to ingest prescription medications concurrently with botanical supplements, and may therefore be vulnerable to herb-drug interactions. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Some evidence suggests that CYP activity may decrease in the elderly. If so, herb-mediated changes in CYP activity may take on greater clinical relevance in this population. In this study, single timepoint, phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 activity in elderly subjects.
Twelve healthy volunteers between the ages of 60 and 76 years (mean age 67 years) were randomly assigned to receive each botanical supplement for 28 days followed by a 30-day washout period. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam, caffeine, chlorzoxazone and debrisoquine were administered before and at the end of supplementation. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic ratios were determined for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 using 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour) and debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (8-hour), respectively. The content of purported 'active' phytochemicals was determined for each supplement.
Comparisons of pre- and post-St John's wort phenotypic ratios revealed significant induction of CYP3A4 (approximately 140%) and CYP2E1 activity (approximately 28%). Garlic oil inhibited CYP2E1 activity by approximately 22%. P. ginseng inhibition of CYP2D6 was statistically significant, but the magnitude of the effect (approximately 7%) did not appear to be clinically relevant. None of the supplements tested in this study appeared to affect CYP1A2 activity.
Elderly subjects, like their younger counterparts, are susceptible to herb-mediated changes in CYP activity, especially those involving St John's wort. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions stemming from alterations in CYP activity may adversely affect drug efficacy and/or toxicity. When compared with earlier studies that employed young subjects, the data suggest that some age-related changes in CYP responsivity to botanical supplementation may exist. Concomitant ingestion of botanical supplements with prescription medications, therefore, should be strongly discouraged in the elderly. |
doi_str_mv | 10.2165/00002512-200522060-00006 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_gale_infotracmisc_A200671029</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A200671029</galeid><sourcerecordid>A200671029</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-g306t-45b70b8a92f0f2480fe375ea52f47c75c727b8bc032e67f91b813b346073c8733</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkduKFDEQhhtR3IO-ghSIeLO95tBJOt4tg67KgoIK3g1JptITTSdNJ4vOC_mcdjsrIlhVUD_F99dFVdMAJZeMSvGCLMEEZS0jRDBGJGnXkbzXnFKqdEu11Pd_a9Iypr-cNGelfF0JxujD5oQKrTrZsdPm5yaGFJyJYErBUkZMFbIH9B5dLau0uZojUm6nKeKKmBpygqXcoWa3n_OI8KETBKY9plwPExYICeoeAeMO53iAl_Cxwru8T88LfM9zvYDBzDE4yCFewGSS-QFDSAXTACbtVv1tyGBDzNY8ah54Ews-vuvnzefXrz5t3rQ376_fbq5u2oETWdtOWEVsbzTzxLOuJx65EmgE851ySjjFlO2tI5yhVF5T21NueSeJ4q5XnJ83T497BxNxG5LPdTZuDMVtr5ZbS0UJ0wt1-R9qyR2OweWEPizzfwxPjobp1o64205zGM182P75wwI8uwNMWS7tZ5NcKH85qSUlmvNfgT6Ycg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>GURLEY, Bill J ; GARDNER, Stephanie F ; HUBBARD, Martha A ; WILLIAMS, D. Keith ; GENTRY, W. Brooks ; YANYAN CUI ; ANG, Catharina Y. W</creator><creatorcontrib>GURLEY, Bill J ; GARDNER, Stephanie F ; HUBBARD, Martha A ; WILLIAMS, D. Keith ; GENTRY, W. Brooks ; YANYAN CUI ; ANG, Catharina Y. W</creatorcontrib><description>Elderly patients are more likely to ingest prescription medications concurrently with botanical supplements, and may therefore be vulnerable to herb-drug interactions. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Some evidence suggests that CYP activity may decrease in the elderly. If so, herb-mediated changes in CYP activity may take on greater clinical relevance in this population. In this study, single timepoint, phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 activity in elderly subjects.
Twelve healthy volunteers between the ages of 60 and 76 years (mean age 67 years) were randomly assigned to receive each botanical supplement for 28 days followed by a 30-day washout period. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam, caffeine, chlorzoxazone and debrisoquine were administered before and at the end of supplementation. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic ratios were determined for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 using 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour) and debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (8-hour), respectively. The content of purported 'active' phytochemicals was determined for each supplement.
Comparisons of pre- and post-St John's wort phenotypic ratios revealed significant induction of CYP3A4 (approximately 140%) and CYP2E1 activity (approximately 28%). Garlic oil inhibited CYP2E1 activity by approximately 22%. P. ginseng inhibition of CYP2D6 was statistically significant, but the magnitude of the effect (approximately 7%) did not appear to be clinically relevant. None of the supplements tested in this study appeared to affect CYP1A2 activity.
Elderly subjects, like their younger counterparts, are susceptible to herb-mediated changes in CYP activity, especially those involving St John's wort. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions stemming from alterations in CYP activity may adversely affect drug efficacy and/or toxicity. When compared with earlier studies that employed young subjects, the data suggest that some age-related changes in CYP responsivity to botanical supplementation may exist. Concomitant ingestion of botanical supplements with prescription medications, therefore, should be strongly discouraged in the elderly.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1170-229X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1179-1969</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200522060-00006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15974642</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Auckland: Adis International</publisher><subject>Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Allyl Compounds - chemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Caffeine - administration & dosage ; Caffeine - blood ; Caffeine - pharmacology ; Chlorzoxazone - administration & dosage ; Chlorzoxazone - blood ; Chlorzoxazone - pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; General pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba - chemistry ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Hypericum - chemistry ; Isoenzymes - antagonists & inhibitors ; Isoenzymes - genetics ; Isoenzymes - metabolism ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Midazolam - administration & dosage ; Midazolam - blood ; Midazolam - pharmacology ; Panax - chemistry ; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Phenotype ; Plant Preparations - administration & dosage ; Plant Preparations - chemistry ; Plant Preparations - pharmacology ; Sulfides - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Drugs & aging, 2005-01, Vol.22 (6), p.525-539</ispartof><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2005 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16961093$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15974642$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>GURLEY, Bill J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GARDNER, Stephanie F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HUBBARD, Martha A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILLIAMS, D. Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GENTRY, W. Brooks</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YANYAN CUI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANG, Catharina Y. W</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba</title><title>Drugs & aging</title><addtitle>Drugs Aging</addtitle><description>Elderly patients are more likely to ingest prescription medications concurrently with botanical supplements, and may therefore be vulnerable to herb-drug interactions. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Some evidence suggests that CYP activity may decrease in the elderly. If so, herb-mediated changes in CYP activity may take on greater clinical relevance in this population. In this study, single timepoint, phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 activity in elderly subjects.
Twelve healthy volunteers between the ages of 60 and 76 years (mean age 67 years) were randomly assigned to receive each botanical supplement for 28 days followed by a 30-day washout period. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam, caffeine, chlorzoxazone and debrisoquine were administered before and at the end of supplementation. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic ratios were determined for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 using 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour) and debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (8-hour), respectively. The content of purported 'active' phytochemicals was determined for each supplement.
Comparisons of pre- and post-St John's wort phenotypic ratios revealed significant induction of CYP3A4 (approximately 140%) and CYP2E1 activity (approximately 28%). Garlic oil inhibited CYP2E1 activity by approximately 22%. P. ginseng inhibition of CYP2D6 was statistically significant, but the magnitude of the effect (approximately 7%) did not appear to be clinically relevant. None of the supplements tested in this study appeared to affect CYP1A2 activity.
Elderly subjects, like their younger counterparts, are susceptible to herb-mediated changes in CYP activity, especially those involving St John's wort. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions stemming from alterations in CYP activity may adversely affect drug efficacy and/or toxicity. When compared with earlier studies that employed young subjects, the data suggest that some age-related changes in CYP responsivity to botanical supplementation may exist. Concomitant ingestion of botanical supplements with prescription medications, therefore, should be strongly discouraged in the elderly.</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Allyl Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Caffeine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Caffeine - blood</subject><subject>Caffeine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chlorzoxazone - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Chlorzoxazone - blood</subject><subject>Chlorzoxazone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Ginkgo biloba - chemistry</subject><subject>Herb-Drug Interactions</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypericum - chemistry</subject><subject>Isoenzymes - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Isoenzymes - genetics</subject><subject>Isoenzymes - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Midazolam - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Midazolam - blood</subject><subject>Midazolam - pharmacology</subject><subject>Panax - chemistry</subject><subject>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Plant Preparations - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Plant Preparations - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Preparations - pharmacology</subject><subject>Sulfides - chemistry</subject><issn>1170-229X</issn><issn>1179-1969</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkduKFDEQhhtR3IO-ghSIeLO95tBJOt4tg67KgoIK3g1JptITTSdNJ4vOC_mcdjsrIlhVUD_F99dFVdMAJZeMSvGCLMEEZS0jRDBGJGnXkbzXnFKqdEu11Pd_a9Iypr-cNGelfF0JxujD5oQKrTrZsdPm5yaGFJyJYErBUkZMFbIH9B5dLau0uZojUm6nKeKKmBpygqXcoWa3n_OI8KETBKY9plwPExYICeoeAeMO53iAl_Cxwru8T88LfM9zvYDBzDE4yCFewGSS-QFDSAXTACbtVv1tyGBDzNY8ah54Ews-vuvnzefXrz5t3rQ376_fbq5u2oETWdtOWEVsbzTzxLOuJx65EmgE851ySjjFlO2tI5yhVF5T21NueSeJ4q5XnJ83T497BxNxG5LPdTZuDMVtr5ZbS0UJ0wt1-R9qyR2OweWEPizzfwxPjobp1o64205zGM182P75wwI8uwNMWS7tZ5NcKH85qSUlmvNfgT6Ycg</recordid><startdate>20050101</startdate><enddate>20050101</enddate><creator>GURLEY, Bill J</creator><creator>GARDNER, Stephanie F</creator><creator>HUBBARD, Martha A</creator><creator>WILLIAMS, D. Keith</creator><creator>GENTRY, W. Brooks</creator><creator>YANYAN CUI</creator><creator>ANG, Catharina Y. W</creator><general>Adis International</general><general>Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050101</creationdate><title>Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba</title><author>GURLEY, Bill J ; GARDNER, Stephanie F ; HUBBARD, Martha A ; WILLIAMS, D. Keith ; GENTRY, W. Brooks ; YANYAN CUI ; ANG, Catharina Y. W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-g306t-45b70b8a92f0f2480fe375ea52f47c75c727b8bc032e67f91b813b346073c8733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Allyl Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Caffeine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Caffeine - blood</topic><topic>Caffeine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chlorzoxazone - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Chlorzoxazone - blood</topic><topic>Chlorzoxazone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Ginkgo biloba - chemistry</topic><topic>Herb-Drug Interactions</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypericum - chemistry</topic><topic>Isoenzymes - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Isoenzymes - genetics</topic><topic>Isoenzymes - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Midazolam - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Midazolam - blood</topic><topic>Midazolam - pharmacology</topic><topic>Panax - chemistry</topic><topic>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Plant Preparations - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Plant Preparations - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Preparations - pharmacology</topic><topic>Sulfides - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>GURLEY, Bill J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GARDNER, Stephanie F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HUBBARD, Martha A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILLIAMS, D. Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GENTRY, W. Brooks</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YANYAN CUI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANG, Catharina Y. W</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><jtitle>Drugs & aging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>GURLEY, Bill J</au><au>GARDNER, Stephanie F</au><au>HUBBARD, Martha A</au><au>WILLIAMS, D. Keith</au><au>GENTRY, W. Brooks</au><au>YANYAN CUI</au><au>ANG, Catharina Y. W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba</atitle><jtitle>Drugs & aging</jtitle><addtitle>Drugs Aging</addtitle><date>2005-01-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>525</spage><epage>539</epage><pages>525-539</pages><issn>1170-229X</issn><eissn>1179-1969</eissn><abstract>Elderly patients are more likely to ingest prescription medications concurrently with botanical supplements, and may therefore be vulnerable to herb-drug interactions. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Some evidence suggests that CYP activity may decrease in the elderly. If so, herb-mediated changes in CYP activity may take on greater clinical relevance in this population. In this study, single timepoint, phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 activity in elderly subjects.
Twelve healthy volunteers between the ages of 60 and 76 years (mean age 67 years) were randomly assigned to receive each botanical supplement for 28 days followed by a 30-day washout period. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam, caffeine, chlorzoxazone and debrisoquine were administered before and at the end of supplementation. Pre- and post-supplementation phenotypic ratios were determined for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 using 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour) and debrisoquine urinary recovery ratios (8-hour), respectively. The content of purported 'active' phytochemicals was determined for each supplement.
Comparisons of pre- and post-St John's wort phenotypic ratios revealed significant induction of CYP3A4 (approximately 140%) and CYP2E1 activity (approximately 28%). Garlic oil inhibited CYP2E1 activity by approximately 22%. P. ginseng inhibition of CYP2D6 was statistically significant, but the magnitude of the effect (approximately 7%) did not appear to be clinically relevant. None of the supplements tested in this study appeared to affect CYP1A2 activity.
Elderly subjects, like their younger counterparts, are susceptible to herb-mediated changes in CYP activity, especially those involving St John's wort. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions stemming from alterations in CYP activity may adversely affect drug efficacy and/or toxicity. When compared with earlier studies that employed young subjects, the data suggest that some age-related changes in CYP responsivity to botanical supplementation may exist. Concomitant ingestion of botanical supplements with prescription medications, therefore, should be strongly discouraged in the elderly.</abstract><cop>Auckland</cop><pub>Adis International</pub><pmid>15974642</pmid><doi>10.2165/00002512-200522060-00006</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1170-229X |
ispartof | Drugs & aging, 2005-01, Vol.22 (6), p.525-539 |
issn | 1170-229X 1179-1969 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_gale_infotracmisc_A200671029 |
source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
subjects | Administration, Oral Aged Allyl Compounds - chemistry Biological and medical sciences Caffeine - administration & dosage Caffeine - blood Caffeine - pharmacology Chlorzoxazone - administration & dosage Chlorzoxazone - blood Chlorzoxazone - pharmacology Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism Dietary Supplements Drug Administration Schedule Female General pharmacology Ginkgo biloba - chemistry Herb-Drug Interactions Humans Hypericum - chemistry Isoenzymes - antagonists & inhibitors Isoenzymes - genetics Isoenzymes - metabolism Male Medical sciences Midazolam - administration & dosage Midazolam - blood Midazolam - pharmacology Panax - chemistry Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phenotype Plant Preparations - administration & dosage Plant Preparations - chemistry Plant Preparations - pharmacology Sulfides - chemistry |
title | Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly : St John's wort, garlic oil, panax ginseng and ginkgo biloba |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T01%3A55%3A06IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clinical%20assessment%20of%20effects%20of%20botanical%20supplementation%20on%20cytochrome%20P450%20phenotypes%20in%20the%20elderly%20:%20St%20John's%20wort,%20garlic%20oil,%20panax%20ginseng%20and%20ginkgo%20biloba&rft.jtitle=Drugs%20&%20aging&rft.au=GURLEY,%20Bill%20J&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=525&rft.epage=539&rft.pages=525-539&rft.issn=1170-229X&rft.eissn=1179-1969&rft_id=info:doi/10.2165/00002512-200522060-00006&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA200671029%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/15974642&rft_galeid=A200671029&rfr_iscdi=true |