WHAT ARE BACTERIAL SPECIES?
Bacterial systematics has not yet reached a consensus for defining the fundamental unit of biological diversity, the species. The past half-century of bacterial systematics has been characterized by improvements in methods for demarcating species as phenotypic and genetic clusters, but species demar...
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creator | Cohan, Frederick M |
description | Bacterial systematics has not yet reached a consensus for defining the
fundamental unit of biological diversity, the species. The past half-century of
bacterial systematics has been characterized by improvements in methods for
demarcating species as phenotypic and genetic clusters, but species demarcation
has not been guided by a theory-based concept of species. Eukaryote
systematists have developed a universal concept of species: A species is a
group of organisms whose divergence is capped by a force of cohesion;
divergence between different species is irreversible; and different species are
ecologically distinct. In the case of bacteria, these universal properties are
held not by the named species of systematics but by ecotypes. These are
populations of organisms occupying the same ecological niche, whose divergence
is purged recurrently by natural selection. These ecotypes can be discovered by
several universal sequence-based approaches. These molecular methods suggest
that a typical named species contains many ecotypes, each with the universal
attributes of species. A named bacterial species is thus more like a genus than
a species. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634 |
format | Article |
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fundamental unit of biological diversity, the species. The past half-century of
bacterial systematics has been characterized by improvements in methods for
demarcating species as phenotypic and genetic clusters, but species demarcation
has not been guided by a theory-based concept of species. Eukaryote
systematists have developed a universal concept of species: A species is a
group of organisms whose divergence is capped by a force of cohesion;
divergence between different species is irreversible; and different species are
ecologically distinct. In the case of bacteria, these universal properties are
held not by the named species of systematics but by ecotypes. These are
populations of organisms occupying the same ecological niche, whose divergence
is purged recurrently by natural selection. These ecotypes can be discovered by
several universal sequence-based approaches. These molecular methods suggest
that a typical named species contains many ecotypes, each with the universal
attributes of species. A named bacterial species is thus more like a genus than
a species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0066-4227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-3251</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12142474</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ARMIAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139: Annual Reviews</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteriology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological diversity ; Biology ; Classification ; Cluster Analysis ; ecotype ; Ecotypes ; Environmental aspects ; Eukaryotes ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genetic aspects ; genetic exchange ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics ; Microbial populations ; Microbiology ; MLST ; Multigene Family ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Physiological aspects ; Sequence Analysis - trends ; speciation ; species concept ; Species diversity ; Species Specificity ; Systematics</subject><ispartof>Annual review of microbiology, 2002-01, Vol.56 (1), p.457-487</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2002 Annual Reviews, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Annual Reviews, Inc. 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a672t-193e049a32b49bb0faa4584402e6532869d44032ac2321faa2fa7e49c56185993</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a672t-193e049a32b49bb0faa4584402e6532869d44032ac2321faa2fa7e49c56185993</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634$$EHTML$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>70,314,780,784,4182,27924,27925,78254,78255</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14352836$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142474$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cohan, Frederick M</creatorcontrib><title>WHAT ARE BACTERIAL SPECIES?</title><title>Annual review of microbiology</title><addtitle>Annu Rev Microbiol</addtitle><description>Bacterial systematics has not yet reached a consensus for defining the
fundamental unit of biological diversity, the species. The past half-century of
bacterial systematics has been characterized by improvements in methods for
demarcating species as phenotypic and genetic clusters, but species demarcation
has not been guided by a theory-based concept of species. Eukaryote
systematists have developed a universal concept of species: A species is a
group of organisms whose divergence is capped by a force of cohesion;
divergence between different species is irreversible; and different species are
ecologically distinct. In the case of bacteria, these universal properties are
held not by the named species of systematics but by ecotypes. These are
populations of organisms occupying the same ecological niche, whose divergence
is purged recurrently by natural selection. These ecotypes can be discovered by
several universal sequence-based approaches. These molecular methods suggest
that a typical named species contains many ecotypes, each with the universal
attributes of species. A named bacterial species is thus more like a genus than
a species.</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>ecotype</subject><subject>Ecotypes</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Eukaryotes</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>genetic exchange</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Microbial populations</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>MLST</subject><subject>Multigene Family</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis - trends</subject><subject>speciation</subject><subject>species concept</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Systematics</subject><issn>0066-4227</issn><issn>1545-3251</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqVke9L3DAYx4M45nnbXzAYhzBf2S558qt5s1FLnQcHG3qylyHXS6XSa8-knfrfm7MFQcQhIYQkn-f7JHwQOiY4JoSJ76Zpemf_xZuqcG3MRYwJUAwxEVhQtocmhDMeUeBkH00wFiJiAPIAHXp_gzFmEquP6IAAYcAkm6Avf8_T5Sy9yGenabbML-bpYnb5J8_m-eXPT-hDaWpvP4_rFF2d5cvsPFr8_jXP0kVkhIQuIopazJShsGJqtcKlMYwnjGGwglNIhFqHDQVTAAUSbqE00jJVcEESrhSdouMhd-va2976Tm8qX9i6No1te68lYJ4kIeJ_IEmEpDTMKTp6Ad60vWvCJ_RTlsSSB-hkgK5NbXXVlG3nTHFtG-tM3Ta2rMJxqpgUVKgdHr2Ch7G2QcZr_I-BD6K8d7bUW1dtjHvQBOudSz261E8uNRd6cKkHlyHg6_iJfrWx6-fyUV4Avo2A8YWpS2eaovLPHKMcEioClw3crqGpQ8vK3vn3P-fNlLer9XZd6u6-o48i_NNo</recordid><startdate>20020101</startdate><enddate>20020101</enddate><creator>Cohan, Frederick M</creator><general>Annual Reviews</general><general>Annual Reviews, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020101</creationdate><title>WHAT ARE BACTERIAL SPECIES?</title><author>Cohan, Frederick M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a672t-193e049a32b49bb0faa4584402e6532869d44032ac2321faa2fa7e49c56185993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacteria - classification</topic><topic>Bacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological diversity</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>ecotype</topic><topic>Ecotypes</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Eukaryotes</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>genetic exchange</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Microbial populations</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>MLST</topic><topic>Multigene Family</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis - trends</topic><topic>speciation</topic><topic>species concept</topic><topic>Species diversity</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Systematics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cohan, Frederick M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annual review of microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cohan, Frederick M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>WHAT ARE BACTERIAL SPECIES?</atitle><jtitle>Annual review of microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Annu Rev Microbiol</addtitle><date>2002-01-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>457</spage><epage>487</epage><pages>457-487</pages><issn>0066-4227</issn><eissn>1545-3251</eissn><coden>ARMIAZ</coden><abstract>Bacterial systematics has not yet reached a consensus for defining the
fundamental unit of biological diversity, the species. The past half-century of
bacterial systematics has been characterized by improvements in methods for
demarcating species as phenotypic and genetic clusters, but species demarcation
has not been guided by a theory-based concept of species. Eukaryote
systematists have developed a universal concept of species: A species is a
group of organisms whose divergence is capped by a force of cohesion;
divergence between different species is irreversible; and different species are
ecologically distinct. In the case of bacteria, these universal properties are
held not by the named species of systematics but by ecotypes. These are
populations of organisms occupying the same ecological niche, whose divergence
is purged recurrently by natural selection. These ecotypes can be discovered by
several universal sequence-based approaches. These molecular methods suggest
that a typical named species contains many ecotypes, each with the universal
attributes of species. A named bacterial species is thus more like a genus than
a species.</abstract><cop>Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139</cop><cop>4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139</cop><cop>USA</cop><pub>Annual Reviews</pub><pmid>12142474</pmid><doi>10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160634</doi><tpages>31</tpages></addata></record> |
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ispartof | Annual review of microbiology, 2002-01, Vol.56 (1), p.457-487 |
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language | eng |
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source | Annual Reviews; MEDLINE |
subjects | Bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Biological diversity Biology Classification Cluster Analysis ecotype Ecotypes Environmental aspects Eukaryotes Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic aspects genetic exchange Genetic Variation Genetics Microbial populations Microbiology MLST Multigene Family Phenotype Phylogeny Physiological aspects Sequence Analysis - trends speciation species concept Species diversity Species Specificity Systematics |
title | WHAT ARE BACTERIAL SPECIES? |
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