Ammonium Ion-Pre-Intercalated MnO[sub.2] on Carbon Cloth for High-Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitors

With the continuous development of green energy, society is increasingly demanding advanced energy storage devices. Manganese-based asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) can deliver high energy density while possessing high power density. However, the structural instability hampers the wider application of manganese dioxide in ASCs. A novel MnO[sub.2]-based electrode material was designed in this study. We synthesized a MnO[sub.2]/carbon cloth electrode, CC@NMO, with NH[sub.4] [sup.+] ion pre-intercalation through a one-step hydrothermal method. The pre-intercalation of NH[sub.4] [sup.+] stabilizes the MnO[sub.2] interlayer structure, expanding the electrode stable working potential window to 0–1.1 V and achieving a remarkable mass specific capacitance of 181.4 F g[sup.−1]. Furthermore, the ASC device fabricated using the CC@NMO electrode and activated carbon electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. The CC@NMO//AC achieves a high energy density of 63.49 Wh kg[sup.−1] and a power density of 949.8 W kg[sup.−1]. Even after cycling 10,000 times at 10 A g[sup.−1], the device retains 81.2% of its capacitance. This work sheds new light on manganese dioxide-based asymmetric supercapacitors and represents a significant contribution for future research on them.