Characteristics of the Filtering Bleb and the Agreement between Glaucoma Specialist and Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the filtering bleb in failed late trabeculectomy and the agreement between glaucoma specialist assessment and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) system assessment in terms of the presence of subconjunctival fluid in the filtering bleb. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma who were scheduled to undergo trabeculectomy in at least one eye and with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) were enrolled. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. The presence of fluid under the filtering bleb was first evaluated by a glaucoma specialist using biomicroscopy evaluation and then using the OCT 1000 AS-OCT Version 3.0.1.8 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) system. A Kappa statistical test was used to evaluate the agreement between AS-OCT and the examiner. The correlation between conjunctiva and tenon thickness and clinical parameters was also assessed. Results: Forty eyes of 40 patients were evaluated in this study. The ages ranged from 21 to 86 years, with a mean of 66.55 ± 12.33. The average IOP was 21.20 ± 4.44 mm Hg (range 14–38 mm Hg) in the entire group. The mean thickness of the conjunctiva and tenon was 302.03 ± 406.76 µm (range 251–1,616 µm). There was a significant negative correlation between the mean thickness of the conjunctiva and tenon and IOP (p = 0.045; confidence interval = −0.558, 0.024). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the mean thickness of the conjunctiva and tenon, and the number of medications used at baseline (p = 0.043; confidence interval = −0.538, 0.051). There was significant negative correlation between the horizontal measurement of the bleb and the use of glaucoma medications (p = 0.017; confidence interval = −0.560, 0.004). A total of 26 patients were determined to have fluid by the examiner (glaucoma expert), and the presence of fluid in AS was confirmed in 19 patients by AS-OCT. Of the 14 patients who were determined to have an absence of fluid, this was confirmed by AS-OCT in 7 patients (Kappa = 0.231; agreement of 65.00%). Conclusion: There is fair agreement between glaucoma specialist assessment and AS-OCT assessment in terms of the presence of fluid in trabeculectomy. Our findings highlight the importance of AS-OCT in some patients before deciding upon a new intervention.