Trade vulnerability assessment in the grain-importing countries: A case study of China
Since the 2008 global food crisis, food security vulnerability has been a prominent topic in the food policy debate. However, vulnerability is inherently difficult to conceptualize and is more challenging to operationalize and measure. This study constructs a mathematical model and takes China as a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0257987 |
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| description | Since the 2008 global food crisis, food security vulnerability has been a prominent topic in the food policy debate. However, vulnerability is inherently difficult to conceptualize and is more challenging to operationalize and measure. This study constructs a mathematical model and takes China as a case study to measure the vulnerability and sensitivity of China with its partners in the international grain trade. The results show that 1) the degree of interdependence between China and its grain trading partners is asymmetric, which generates trade vulnerability or economic power; 2) the vulnerability of China's food trade shows a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries: the higher vulnerability zones are concentrated in North America and Northeast Asia, and the scope of the higher vulnerability zones tends to expand; 3) Our results also reveal that China also has different sensitivities to fluctuations in grain markets from different countries, and the higher sensitive zones of the grain trade in China are mainly distributed in America, Europe, and Oceania. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a methodology for food trade vulnerability assessment and examines the influence of international food trade on food security in importing countries, measured using the vulnerability index and sensitivity index. Nevertheless, the conclusions of this study can be considered preliminary, and there remains great potential for future studies to deepen and broaden our analyses further. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0257987 |
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However, vulnerability is inherently difficult to conceptualize and is more challenging to operationalize and measure. This study constructs a mathematical model and takes China as a case study to measure the vulnerability and sensitivity of China with its partners in the international grain trade. The results show that 1) the degree of interdependence between China and its grain trading partners is asymmetric, which generates trade vulnerability or economic power; 2) the vulnerability of China's food trade shows a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries: the higher vulnerability zones are concentrated in North America and Northeast Asia, and the scope of the higher vulnerability zones tends to expand; 3) Our results also reveal that China also has different sensitivities to fluctuations in grain markets from different countries, and the higher sensitive zones of the grain trade in China are mainly distributed in America, Europe, and Oceania. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a methodology for food trade vulnerability assessment and examines the influence of international food trade on food security in importing countries, measured using the vulnerability index and sensitivity index. Nevertheless, the conclusions of this study can be considered preliminary, and there remains great potential for future studies to deepen and broaden our analyses further.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257987</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34679103</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Agriculture - methods ; Australia ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Canada ; Case reports ; Case studies ; China ; Climate change ; Commerce - methods ; Consumption ; Dependency theory ; Developing countries ; Economic aspects ; Edible Grain - economics ; Environmental science ; Exports ; Food Handling - economics ; Food prices ; Food security ; Food Security - economics ; Food supply ; Forest & brush fires ; Geography ; Grain industry ; Heterogeneity ; Households ; Humans ; Hunger ; International aspects ; International trade ; LDCs ; Management ; Mathematical models ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Models, Theoretical ; People and Places ; Population ; Prices ; Regions ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sensitivity ; Social Sciences ; Trade ; United States</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0257987</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Duan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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However, vulnerability is inherently difficult to conceptualize and is more challenging to operationalize and measure. This study constructs a mathematical model and takes China as a case study to measure the vulnerability and sensitivity of China with its partners in the international grain trade. The results show that 1) the degree of interdependence between China and its grain trading partners is asymmetric, which generates trade vulnerability or economic power; 2) the vulnerability of China's food trade shows a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries: the higher vulnerability zones are concentrated in North America and Northeast Asia, and the scope of the higher vulnerability zones tends to expand; 3) Our results also reveal that China also has different sensitivities to fluctuations in grain markets from different countries, and the higher sensitive zones of the grain trade in China are mainly distributed in America, Europe, and Oceania. 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Nevertheless, the conclusions of this study can be considered preliminary, and there remains great potential for future studies to deepen and broaden our analyses further.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture - methods</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Case reports</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Commerce - methods</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Dependency theory</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Edible Grain - economics</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Exports</subject><subject>Food Handling - economics</subject><subject>Food prices</subject><subject>Food security</subject><subject>Food Security - economics</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Forest & brush 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However, vulnerability is inherently difficult to conceptualize and is more challenging to operationalize and measure. This study constructs a mathematical model and takes China as a case study to measure the vulnerability and sensitivity of China with its partners in the international grain trade. The results show that 1) the degree of interdependence between China and its grain trading partners is asymmetric, which generates trade vulnerability or economic power; 2) the vulnerability of China's food trade shows a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity among countries: the higher vulnerability zones are concentrated in North America and Northeast Asia, and the scope of the higher vulnerability zones tends to expand; 3) Our results also reveal that China also has different sensitivities to fluctuations in grain markets from different countries, and the higher sensitive zones of the grain trade in China are mainly distributed in America, Europe, and Oceania. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a methodology for food trade vulnerability assessment and examines the influence of international food trade on food security in importing countries, measured using the vulnerability index and sensitivity index. Nevertheless, the conclusions of this study can be considered preliminary, and there remains great potential for future studies to deepen and broaden our analyses further.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>34679103</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0257987</doi><tpages>e0257987</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Agriculture - methods Australia Biology and Life Sciences Canada Case reports Case studies China Climate change Commerce - methods Consumption Dependency theory Developing countries Economic aspects Edible Grain - economics Environmental science Exports Food Handling - economics Food prices Food security Food Security - economics Food supply Forest & brush fires Geography Grain industry Heterogeneity Households Humans Hunger International aspects International trade LDCs Management Mathematical models Medicine and Health Sciences Models, Theoretical People and Places Population Prices Regions Research and Analysis Methods Sensitivity Social Sciences Trade United States |
| title | Trade vulnerability assessment in the grain-importing countries: A case study of China |
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