Financial taxonomy of non-governmental sports organizations/Financijska taksonomija nevladinih sportskih organizacija
The purpose of this study was to examine the classification of non-governmental sports organisations (sports NGOs) based on their financial data. Empirical taxonomy with Ward's hierarchical clustering technique based on the variables acquired from financial statements of all 6,130 sports NGOs i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia) Croatia), 2013-07, Vol.45 (2), p.241 |
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| creator | Bednarik, Jakob Andreff, Wladimir Popovic, Stevo Jaksic, Damjan Kolar, Edvard Jurak, Gregor |
| description | The purpose of this study was to examine the classification of non-governmental sports organisations (sports NGOs) based on their financial data. Empirical taxonomy with Ward's hierarchical clustering technique based on the variables acquired from financial statements of all 6,130 sports NGOs in Slovenia was used to cluster organisations into three financial design types: grassroots sports organisations, semi-professional sports NGOs, and professional sports NGOs. Clusters varied in magnitude and structure of financial items. The findings suggest that the business of grassroots sports organisations is very simple, while with semi-professional and professional sports NGOs it is more complex, and consequently such organisations are confronted with cash flow and even solvency problems. Total average revenues of grassroots sports organisations (6,304 €) are approximately one tenth the size of the semi-professional sports NGOs and 192 times smaller than professional sports NGOs. As for the structure of revenues, professional sports NGOs have a larger proportion of sales revenues and much lower membership fees, donations, and other revenues. Semiprofessional sports NGOs differ from grassroots sport in a slightly higher proportion of sales revenues and donations. As regards the structure of expenses, professional sports NGOs had a 5.6 times higher proportion of labour costs in comparison with grassroots sports and 1.4 times higher compared to semi-professional sports NGOs. Such a taxonomy could present an appropriate basis for investigating the true dimension of the impact of global economic crisis on sports NGOs in a small European sports economy. Key words: sports finances, sports economy, classification, grassroots sport, professional sport, sports club Cilj je ovog rada bio klasificirati nevladine sportske organizacije prema njihovim financijskim podacima. Empirijska taksonomija, provedena Wardovom hijerarhijskom klasterskom tehnikom na varijablama dobivenim iz financijskih izvjesca svih 6.130 nevladnih sportskih organizacija u Sloveniji, koristena je za klasterizaciju organizacija u tri tipa financijskog dizajna: osnovne sportske organizacije, poluprofesionalne nevladine sportske organizacije i profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije. Klasteri su varirali u velicini i strukturi financijskih stavki. Rezultati sugeriraju da su poslovi osnovnih sportskih organizacija vrlo jednostavni, dok su kompleksniji u poluprofesionalnim i profesionalnim sportskim nev |
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Empirical taxonomy with Ward's hierarchical clustering technique based on the variables acquired from financial statements of all 6,130 sports NGOs in Slovenia was used to cluster organisations into three financial design types: grassroots sports organisations, semi-professional sports NGOs, and professional sports NGOs. Clusters varied in magnitude and structure of financial items. The findings suggest that the business of grassroots sports organisations is very simple, while with semi-professional and professional sports NGOs it is more complex, and consequently such organisations are confronted with cash flow and even solvency problems. Total average revenues of grassroots sports organisations (6,304 €) are approximately one tenth the size of the semi-professional sports NGOs and 192 times smaller than professional sports NGOs. As for the structure of revenues, professional sports NGOs have a larger proportion of sales revenues and much lower membership fees, donations, and other revenues. Semiprofessional sports NGOs differ from grassroots sport in a slightly higher proportion of sales revenues and donations. As regards the structure of expenses, professional sports NGOs had a 5.6 times higher proportion of labour costs in comparison with grassroots sports and 1.4 times higher compared to semi-professional sports NGOs. Such a taxonomy could present an appropriate basis for investigating the true dimension of the impact of global economic crisis on sports NGOs in a small European sports economy. Key words: sports finances, sports economy, classification, grassroots sport, professional sport, sports club Cilj je ovog rada bio klasificirati nevladine sportske organizacije prema njihovim financijskim podacima. Empirijska taksonomija, provedena Wardovom hijerarhijskom klasterskom tehnikom na varijablama dobivenim iz financijskih izvjesca svih 6.130 nevladnih sportskih organizacija u Sloveniji, koristena je za klasterizaciju organizacija u tri tipa financijskog dizajna: osnovne sportske organizacije, poluprofesionalne nevladine sportske organizacije i profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije. Klasteri su varirali u velicini i strukturi financijskih stavki. Rezultati sugeriraju da su poslovi osnovnih sportskih organizacija vrlo jednostavni, dok su kompleksniji u poluprofesionalnim i profesionalnim sportskim nevladinim organizacijama, pa su te organizacije suo?ene s problemima dotoka novca te cak i solventnosti. Ukupni prosjecni prihodi osnovnih sportskih organizacija (6.304 €) iznose otprilike jednu desetinu prihoda poluprofesionalnih nevladnih sportskih organizacija, odnosno oni su 192 puta manji od prihoda profesionalnih sportskih nevladnih organizacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura prihoda, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije imaju vecu proporciju prihoda od prodaje te znacajno manje prihode od clanarina, donacija i ostalih kategorija prihoda. Poluprofesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije razlikuju se od osnovnih sportskih organizacija po neznatno vecoj proporciji prihoda od prodaje i donacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura troskova, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije su imale 5,6 puta veci udio troskova rada u usporedbi s osnovnim sportskim organizacijama te 1,4 puta veci udio u usporedbi s poluprofesionalnim sportskim organizacijama. Takva taksonomiija moze predstavljati odgovarajucu osnovu za istrazivanje stvarnih dimenzija utjecaja globalne ekonomske krize na sportske nevladine organizacije u malim europskim sportskim ekonomijama. Kljucne rijeci: financiranje sportova, ekonomija sporta, klasifikacija, osnovni sport, profesionalni sport, sportski klub</description><identifier>ISSN: 1331-1441</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sveuciliste U Zagrebu</publisher><subject>Accounting ; Forecasts and trends ; Non-governmental organizations ; Professional sports ; Slovenia ; Sports associations ; Technique</subject><ispartof>Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia), 2013-07, Vol.45 (2), p.241</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 Sveuciliste U Zagrebu</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bednarik, Jakob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreff, Wladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popovic, Stevo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaksic, Damjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolar, Edvard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jurak, Gregor</creatorcontrib><title>Financial taxonomy of non-governmental sports organizations/Financijska taksonomija nevladinih sportskih organizacija</title><title>Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia)</title><description>The purpose of this study was to examine the classification of non-governmental sports organisations (sports NGOs) based on their financial data. Empirical taxonomy with Ward's hierarchical clustering technique based on the variables acquired from financial statements of all 6,130 sports NGOs in Slovenia was used to cluster organisations into three financial design types: grassroots sports organisations, semi-professional sports NGOs, and professional sports NGOs. Clusters varied in magnitude and structure of financial items. The findings suggest that the business of grassroots sports organisations is very simple, while with semi-professional and professional sports NGOs it is more complex, and consequently such organisations are confronted with cash flow and even solvency problems. Total average revenues of grassroots sports organisations (6,304 €) are approximately one tenth the size of the semi-professional sports NGOs and 192 times smaller than professional sports NGOs. As for the structure of revenues, professional sports NGOs have a larger proportion of sales revenues and much lower membership fees, donations, and other revenues. Semiprofessional sports NGOs differ from grassroots sport in a slightly higher proportion of sales revenues and donations. As regards the structure of expenses, professional sports NGOs had a 5.6 times higher proportion of labour costs in comparison with grassroots sports and 1.4 times higher compared to semi-professional sports NGOs. Such a taxonomy could present an appropriate basis for investigating the true dimension of the impact of global economic crisis on sports NGOs in a small European sports economy. Key words: sports finances, sports economy, classification, grassroots sport, professional sport, sports club Cilj je ovog rada bio klasificirati nevladine sportske organizacije prema njihovim financijskim podacima. Empirijska taksonomija, provedena Wardovom hijerarhijskom klasterskom tehnikom na varijablama dobivenim iz financijskih izvjesca svih 6.130 nevladnih sportskih organizacija u Sloveniji, koristena je za klasterizaciju organizacija u tri tipa financijskog dizajna: osnovne sportske organizacije, poluprofesionalne nevladine sportske organizacije i profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije. Klasteri su varirali u velicini i strukturi financijskih stavki. Rezultati sugeriraju da su poslovi osnovnih sportskih organizacija vrlo jednostavni, dok su kompleksniji u poluprofesionalnim i profesionalnim sportskim nevladinim organizacijama, pa su te organizacije suo?ene s problemima dotoka novca te cak i solventnosti. Ukupni prosjecni prihodi osnovnih sportskih organizacija (6.304 €) iznose otprilike jednu desetinu prihoda poluprofesionalnih nevladnih sportskih organizacija, odnosno oni su 192 puta manji od prihoda profesionalnih sportskih nevladnih organizacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura prihoda, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije imaju vecu proporciju prihoda od prodaje te znacajno manje prihode od clanarina, donacija i ostalih kategorija prihoda. Poluprofesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije razlikuju se od osnovnih sportskih organizacija po neznatno vecoj proporciji prihoda od prodaje i donacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura troskova, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije su imale 5,6 puta veci udio troskova rada u usporedbi s osnovnim sportskim organizacijama te 1,4 puta veci udio u usporedbi s poluprofesionalnim sportskim organizacijama. Takva taksonomiija moze predstavljati odgovarajucu osnovu za istrazivanje stvarnih dimenzija utjecaja globalne ekonomske krize na sportske nevladine organizacije u malim europskim sportskim ekonomijama. Kljucne rijeci: financiranje sportova, ekonomija sporta, klasifikacija, osnovni sport, profesionalni sport, sportski klub</description><subject>Accounting</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Non-governmental organizations</subject><subject>Professional sports</subject><subject>Slovenia</subject><subject>Sports associations</subject><subject>Technique</subject><issn>1331-1441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNqVy0sOgkAMBuBZaCI-7jAXQBkHiC6NkXgA96aBAcujNcxI1NM7JngA08XftP83EYHSWoUqjtVMzK2toyhO0m0aiEeGBJQjtNLBk4m7l-RSElNY8WB66gw5_7R37p2V3FdA-AaHTHYz2to24HVjvxxrkGSGFgokvI2u8duP-j4sxbSE1prVmAuxzk6X4zmsoDVXpJJdD7mfwnSYM5kS_f2gU5UkcbTb67_BB6bmVtQ</recordid><startdate>20130701</startdate><enddate>20130701</enddate><creator>Bednarik, Jakob</creator><creator>Andreff, Wladimir</creator><creator>Popovic, Stevo</creator><creator>Jaksic, Damjan</creator><creator>Kolar, Edvard</creator><creator>Jurak, Gregor</creator><general>Sveuciliste U Zagrebu</general><scope/></search><sort><creationdate>20130701</creationdate><title>Financial taxonomy of non-governmental sports organizations/Financijska taksonomija nevladinih sportskih organizacija</title><author>Bednarik, Jakob ; Andreff, Wladimir ; Popovic, Stevo ; Jaksic, Damjan ; Kolar, Edvard ; Jurak, Gregor</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-gale_infotracacademiconefile_A3615540893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Accounting</topic><topic>Forecasts and trends</topic><topic>Non-governmental organizations</topic><topic>Professional sports</topic><topic>Slovenia</topic><topic>Sports associations</topic><topic>Technique</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bednarik, Jakob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreff, Wladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popovic, Stevo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaksic, Damjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolar, Edvard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jurak, Gregor</creatorcontrib><jtitle>Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bednarik, Jakob</au><au>Andreff, Wladimir</au><au>Popovic, Stevo</au><au>Jaksic, Damjan</au><au>Kolar, Edvard</au><au>Jurak, Gregor</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Financial taxonomy of non-governmental sports organizations/Financijska taksonomija nevladinih sportskih organizacija</atitle><jtitle>Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia)</jtitle><date>2013-07-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>241</spage><pages>241-</pages><issn>1331-1441</issn><abstract>The purpose of this study was to examine the classification of non-governmental sports organisations (sports NGOs) based on their financial data. Empirical taxonomy with Ward's hierarchical clustering technique based on the variables acquired from financial statements of all 6,130 sports NGOs in Slovenia was used to cluster organisations into three financial design types: grassroots sports organisations, semi-professional sports NGOs, and professional sports NGOs. Clusters varied in magnitude and structure of financial items. The findings suggest that the business of grassroots sports organisations is very simple, while with semi-professional and professional sports NGOs it is more complex, and consequently such organisations are confronted with cash flow and even solvency problems. Total average revenues of grassroots sports organisations (6,304 €) are approximately one tenth the size of the semi-professional sports NGOs and 192 times smaller than professional sports NGOs. As for the structure of revenues, professional sports NGOs have a larger proportion of sales revenues and much lower membership fees, donations, and other revenues. Semiprofessional sports NGOs differ from grassroots sport in a slightly higher proportion of sales revenues and donations. As regards the structure of expenses, professional sports NGOs had a 5.6 times higher proportion of labour costs in comparison with grassroots sports and 1.4 times higher compared to semi-professional sports NGOs. Such a taxonomy could present an appropriate basis for investigating the true dimension of the impact of global economic crisis on sports NGOs in a small European sports economy. Key words: sports finances, sports economy, classification, grassroots sport, professional sport, sports club Cilj je ovog rada bio klasificirati nevladine sportske organizacije prema njihovim financijskim podacima. Empirijska taksonomija, provedena Wardovom hijerarhijskom klasterskom tehnikom na varijablama dobivenim iz financijskih izvjesca svih 6.130 nevladnih sportskih organizacija u Sloveniji, koristena je za klasterizaciju organizacija u tri tipa financijskog dizajna: osnovne sportske organizacije, poluprofesionalne nevladine sportske organizacije i profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije. Klasteri su varirali u velicini i strukturi financijskih stavki. Rezultati sugeriraju da su poslovi osnovnih sportskih organizacija vrlo jednostavni, dok su kompleksniji u poluprofesionalnim i profesionalnim sportskim nevladinim organizacijama, pa su te organizacije suo?ene s problemima dotoka novca te cak i solventnosti. Ukupni prosjecni prihodi osnovnih sportskih organizacija (6.304 €) iznose otprilike jednu desetinu prihoda poluprofesionalnih nevladnih sportskih organizacija, odnosno oni su 192 puta manji od prihoda profesionalnih sportskih nevladnih organizacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura prihoda, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije imaju vecu proporciju prihoda od prodaje te znacajno manje prihode od clanarina, donacija i ostalih kategorija prihoda. Poluprofesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije razlikuju se od osnovnih sportskih organizacija po neznatno vecoj proporciji prihoda od prodaje i donacija. Kada je u pitanju struktura troskova, profesionalne sportske nevladine organizacije su imale 5,6 puta veci udio troskova rada u usporedbi s osnovnim sportskim organizacijama te 1,4 puta veci udio u usporedbi s poluprofesionalnim sportskim organizacijama. Takva taksonomiija moze predstavljati odgovarajucu osnovu za istrazivanje stvarnih dimenzija utjecaja globalne ekonomske krize na sportske nevladine organizacije u malim europskim sportskim ekonomijama. Kljucne rijeci: financiranje sportova, ekonomija sporta, klasifikacija, osnovni sport, profesionalni sport, sportski klub</abstract><pub>Sveuciliste U Zagrebu</pub></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Kinesiology (Zagreb, Croatia), 2013-07, Vol.45 (2), p.241 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Accounting Forecasts and trends Non-governmental organizations Professional sports Slovenia Sports associations Technique |
| title | Financial taxonomy of non-governmental sports organizations/Financijska taksonomija nevladinih sportskih organizacija |
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