Differential-diagnostic parameters of childhood apraxia and other speech and language disorders/Teorijski prikaz djecje govorne apraksije i ostalih jezicno--govornih poremecaja na temelju diferencijalno--dijagnostickih parametara

This article will present a neurological childhood speech sound disorder kown as Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) based on the researches of some specific characteristics. Various authors agree that the childhood apraxia of speech is a disorders in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits (e.g., abnormal reflexes, abnormal tone). CAS may occur as a result of known neurological impairment, as a consequence of neurobehavioral disorders of known or unknown origin, or it can be an idiopathic neurogenic speech sound disorder. According to these authors, the main problem is planning and/or programming spatiotemporal parameters of movement sequences which can result with errors in speech and prosody. One of the main problems regarding this disorder in research and clinical practice is recognizing the right time for distinguishig this disorder from other speech language disorders. This article will elaborate some speech and language disorders such as articulation and phonological disorders, specific language impairment, dysarthria and oral apraxia. Key words: childhood apraxia of speech, motor speech disorders, speech and language disorders Cilj ovog rada je na temelju veceg broja istrazivanja specificnih obiljezja prikazati neuroloski djecji govorni poremecaj poznat pod nazivom djecja govorna apraksija (DGA). Razliciti autori slazu se da je DGA poremecaj u kojem su ostecene preciznost i konzistentnost govornih pokreta bez neuromisicnih ostecenja (abnormalan refleks, abnormalan tonus i sl.). Moze nastati kao rezultat vidljivog neuroloskog ostecenja, kao posljedica neurofunkcionalnogporemecaja poznatog ili nepoznatog uzroka, ili moze biti idiopatski neurogenski govorni poremecaj. Autori navode da je osnovni problem u planiranju i/ili programiranju prostorno-vremenskih parametara pokreta koji rezultiraju pogreskama u izgovoru i prozodiji, a jedan od temeljnih problema vezanih uz ovaj poremecaj u istrazivackom i klinickom radu je pravovremeno razlikovati navedeni poremecaj od ostalih jezicno--govornih poremecaja. Jezicno--govorni poremecaji koji ce se uz ciljani poremecaj u ovom radu spominjati su artikulacijski poremecaji, fonoloski poremecaji, posebne jezicne teskoce, dizartrija te oralna apraksija. Kljucne rijeci: djecja govorna apraksija, motoricki govorni poremecaji, jezicno--govorni poremecaji