A role for the immune system-released activating agent
The Immune System-Released Activating Agent (ISRAA) was discovered as a novel molecule that functions as a mediator between the nervous and immune systems in response to a nervous stimulus following an immune challenge. This research investigated the role of ISRAA) in promoting the ontogeny of the m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2021-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e0248455 |
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| creator | Al-Awadi, Aminah M. I AlJawder, Abdulaziz Isa Mousa, Alyaa Taha, Safa Bakhiet, Moiz |
| description | The Immune System-Released Activating Agent (ISRAA) was discovered as a novel molecule that functions as a mediator between the nervous and immune systems in response to a nervous stimulus following an immune challenge. This research investigated the role of ISRAA) in promoting the ontogeny of the mouse brain astrocytes. Astrocyte cultures were prepared from two-month-old BALB/c mice. Recombinant ISRAA protein was used to stimulate astrocyte cultures. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were utilized to measure ISRAA and IFN-[gamma] levels, IFN-[gamma]R expression and STAT1 nuclear translocation. MTT-assay was used to evaluate cellular survival and proliferation. To assess astrocyte cell lysates and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, SDS-PAGE and western blot were used. ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. IFN-[gamma] was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-[gamma] in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-[gamma]R. ISRAA stimulation of E21 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1, a signalling pathway utilized by IFN-[gamma]. The results suggest that ISRAA is involved in mouse brain development through the cytokine network involving IFN-[gamma]. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0248455 |
| format | Article |
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ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. IFN-[gamma] was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-[gamma] in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-[gamma]R. ISRAA stimulation of E21 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1, a signalling pathway utilized by IFN-[gamma]. 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To assess astrocyte cell lysates and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, SDS-PAGE and western blot were used. ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. IFN-[gamma] was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-[gamma] in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-[gamma]R. ISRAA stimulation of E21 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1, a signalling pathway utilized by IFN-[gamma]. 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Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were utilized to measure ISRAA and IFN-[gamma] levels, IFN-[gamma]R expression and STAT1 nuclear translocation. MTT-assay was used to evaluate cellular survival and proliferation. To assess astrocyte cell lysates and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, SDS-PAGE and western blot were used. ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. IFN-[gamma] was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-[gamma] in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-[gamma]R. ISRAA stimulation of E21 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1, a signalling pathway utilized by IFN-[gamma]. 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| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Astrocytes Brain Chemical properties Growth Immune system Physiological aspects |
| title | A role for the immune system-released activating agent |
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