Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially expl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-05, Vol.109 (19), p.7559-7564 |
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| creator | Carlson, Kimberly M Curran, Lisa M Ratnasari, Dessy Pittman, Alice M Soares-Filho, Britaldo S Asner, Gregory P Trigg, Simon N Gaveau, David A Lawrence, Deborah Rodrigues, Hermann O |
| description | Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially explicit land change/carbon bookkeeping model, parameterized using high-resolution satellite time series and informed by socioeconomic surveys, we assess previous and project future plantation expansion under five scenarios. Although fire was the primary proximate cause of 1989–2008 deforestation (93%) and net carbon emissions (69%), by 2007–2008, oil palm directly caused 27% of total and 40% of peatland deforestation. Plantation land sources exhibited distinctive temporal dynamics, comprising 81% forests on mineral soils (1994–2001), shifting to 69% peatlands (2008–2011). Plantation leases reveal vast development potential. In 2008, leases spanned ∼65% of the region, including 62% on peatlands and 59% of community-managed lands, yet |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1200452109 |
| format | Article |
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Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially explicit land change/carbon bookkeeping model, parameterized using high-resolution satellite time series and informed by socioeconomic surveys, we assess previous and project future plantation expansion under five scenarios. Although fire was the primary proximate cause of 1989–2008 deforestation (93%) and net carbon emissions (69%), by 2007–2008, oil palm directly caused 27% of total and 40% of peatland deforestation. Plantation land sources exhibited distinctive temporal dynamics, comprising 81% forests on mineral soils (1994–2001), shifting to 69% peatlands (2008–2011). Plantation leases reveal vast development potential. In 2008, leases spanned ∼65% of the region, including 62% on peatlands and 59% of community-managed lands, yet <10% of lease area was planted. Projecting business as usual (BAU), by 2020 ∼40% of regional and 35% of community lands are cleared for oil palm, generating 26% of net carbon emissions. Intact forest cover declines to 4%, and the proportion of emissions sourced from peatlands increases 38%. Prohibiting intact and logged forest and peatland conversion to oil palm reduces emissions only 4% below BAU, because of continued uncontrolled fire. Protecting logged forests achieves greater carbon emissions reductions (21%) than protecting intact forests alone (9%) and is critical for mitigating carbon emissions. Extensive allocated leases constrain land management options, requiring trade-offs among oil palm production, carbon emissions mitigation, and maintaining community landholdings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200452109</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22523241</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Agrarian society ; Agricultural land ; Agriculture ; Agriculture - methods ; Agriculture - trends ; Arecaceae ; Arecaceae - growth & development ; Arecaceae - metabolism ; Biological Sciences ; Borneo ; Carbon ; Carbon - metabolism ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Commercial forests ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Conservation of Natural Resources - methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources - trends ; Deforestation ; Ecosystem ; Elaeis guineensis ; Emission control ; Emissions ; Emissions control ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Fires ; Forest cover ; Forests ; Geography ; growth & development ; Indonesia ; Land cover ; Land leases ; Land management ; land use change ; Leases ; leasing ; metabolism ; methods ; mineral soils ; Palm Oil ; Peatlands ; Plant Oils ; Plant Oils - metabolism ; Plantations ; Social Sciences ; surveys ; time series analysis ; Trees ; Trees - growth & development ; trends ; Tropical environments ; Vegetable oils</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2012-05, Vol.109 (19), p.7559-7564</ispartof><rights>copyright © 1993-2008 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences May 8, 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-9009ed86899e0249a477a2f05fc1e74d0a4b11c58e02ced0e94f3fcfc83cddbd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-9009ed86899e0249a477a2f05fc1e74d0a4b11c58e02ced0e94f3fcfc83cddbd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/109/19.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41593053$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41593053$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22523241$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Carlson, Kimberly M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curran, Lisa M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratnasari, Dessy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pittman, Alice M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soares-Filho, Britaldo S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asner, Gregory P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trigg, Simon N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaveau, David A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawrence, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigues, Hermann O</creatorcontrib><title>Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially explicit land change/carbon bookkeeping model, parameterized using high-resolution satellite time series and informed by socioeconomic surveys, we assess previous and project future plantation expansion under five scenarios. Although fire was the primary proximate cause of 1989–2008 deforestation (93%) and net carbon emissions (69%), by 2007–2008, oil palm directly caused 27% of total and 40% of peatland deforestation. Plantation land sources exhibited distinctive temporal dynamics, comprising 81% forests on mineral soils (1994–2001), shifting to 69% peatlands (2008–2011). Plantation leases reveal vast development potential. In 2008, leases spanned ∼65% of the region, including 62% on peatlands and 59% of community-managed lands, yet <10% of lease area was planted. Projecting business as usual (BAU), by 2020 ∼40% of regional and 35% of community lands are cleared for oil palm, generating 26% of net carbon emissions. Intact forest cover declines to 4%, and the proportion of emissions sourced from peatlands increases 38%. Prohibiting intact and logged forest and peatland conversion to oil palm reduces emissions only 4% below BAU, because of continued uncontrolled fire. Protecting logged forests achieves greater carbon emissions reductions (21%) than protecting intact forests alone (9%) and is critical for mitigating carbon emissions. Extensive allocated leases constrain land management options, requiring trade-offs among oil palm production, carbon emissions mitigation, and maintaining community landholdings.</description><subject>Agrarian society</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agriculture - methods</subject><subject>Agriculture - trends</subject><subject>Arecaceae</subject><subject>Arecaceae - growth & development</subject><subject>Arecaceae - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Borneo</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Commercial forests</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources - methods</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources - trends</subject><subject>Deforestation</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Elaeis guineensis</subject><subject>Emission control</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Fires</subject><subject>Forest cover</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>growth & development</subject><subject>Indonesia</subject><subject>Land cover</subject><subject>Land leases</subject><subject>Land management</subject><subject>land use change</subject><subject>Leases</subject><subject>leasing</subject><subject>metabolism</subject><subject>methods</subject><subject>mineral soils</subject><subject>Palm Oil</subject><subject>Peatlands</subject><subject>Plant Oils</subject><subject>Plant Oils - metabolism</subject><subject>Plantations</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>surveys</subject><subject>time series analysis</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Trees - growth & development</subject><subject>trends</subject><subject>Tropical environments</subject><subject>Vegetable oils</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5gRY4sKh246_EvuChFZ8VFTiABVHy-s4xavETu1sRX8C_5oJu-wCFy62rPeZV_OOp6qeUjij0PDzMdpyRhmAkIyCvlcd40kXtdBwvzoGYM1CCSaOqkelrAFASwUPqyPGJONM0OPqxzINQ5gm3xJn8ypF4odQSkixnJLWdyn7MtkJ36fERoQQ38Qw3ZF--4y3Ps846XIaSAo9GW0_kBHlbR3x30cbfyEhkq9oRz7aPgyzjqYXsU3Rl2AfVw862xf_ZHefVFfv3n5Zflhcfnp_sXxzuXA149NCYwjfqlpp7YEJbUXTWNaB7Bz1jWjBihWlTipUnW_Ba9HxznVOcde2q5afVK-3vuNmNfjW-Thl25sxY0v5ziQbzN9KDN_Mdbo1nEuluECDVzuDnG42mMfgxJzvMbFPm2JoXXPJGdPwfxQYKFFTxhB9-Q-6TpsccRJIUfxcDNsgdb6lXE6lZN_t-6Zg5o0w80aYw0ZgxfM_4-753yuAwIsdMFce7LSh2jRSzhbPtsS6TCnvEUFRA8kPDp1Nxl7nUMzVZwZUAFBVS1XznzVq0hY</recordid><startdate>20120508</startdate><enddate>20120508</enddate><creator>Carlson, Kimberly M</creator><creator>Curran, Lisa M</creator><creator>Ratnasari, Dessy</creator><creator>Pittman, Alice M</creator><creator>Soares-Filho, Britaldo S</creator><creator>Asner, Gregory P</creator><creator>Trigg, Simon N</creator><creator>Gaveau, David A</creator><creator>Lawrence, Deborah</creator><creator>Rodrigues, Hermann O</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120508</creationdate><title>Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia</title><author>Carlson, Kimberly M ; Curran, Lisa M ; Ratnasari, Dessy ; Pittman, Alice M ; Soares-Filho, Britaldo S ; Asner, Gregory P ; Trigg, Simon N ; Gaveau, David A ; Lawrence, Deborah ; Rodrigues, Hermann O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c623t-9009ed86899e0249a477a2f05fc1e74d0a4b11c58e02ced0e94f3fcfc83cddbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Agrarian society</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Agriculture - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Carlson, Kimberly M</au><au>Curran, Lisa M</au><au>Ratnasari, Dessy</au><au>Pittman, Alice M</au><au>Soares-Filho, Britaldo S</au><au>Asner, Gregory P</au><au>Trigg, Simon N</au><au>Gaveau, David A</au><au>Lawrence, Deborah</au><au>Rodrigues, Hermann O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2012-05-08</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>109</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>7559</spage><epage>7564</epage><pages>7559-7564</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially explicit land change/carbon bookkeeping model, parameterized using high-resolution satellite time series and informed by socioeconomic surveys, we assess previous and project future plantation expansion under five scenarios. Although fire was the primary proximate cause of 1989–2008 deforestation (93%) and net carbon emissions (69%), by 2007–2008, oil palm directly caused 27% of total and 40% of peatland deforestation. Plantation land sources exhibited distinctive temporal dynamics, comprising 81% forests on mineral soils (1994–2001), shifting to 69% peatlands (2008–2011). Plantation leases reveal vast development potential. In 2008, leases spanned ∼65% of the region, including 62% on peatlands and 59% of community-managed lands, yet <10% of lease area was planted. Projecting business as usual (BAU), by 2020 ∼40% of regional and 35% of community lands are cleared for oil palm, generating 26% of net carbon emissions. Intact forest cover declines to 4%, and the proportion of emissions sourced from peatlands increases 38%. Prohibiting intact and logged forest and peatland conversion to oil palm reduces emissions only 4% below BAU, because of continued uncontrolled fire. Protecting logged forests achieves greater carbon emissions reductions (21%) than protecting intact forests alone (9%) and is critical for mitigating carbon emissions. Extensive allocated leases constrain land management options, requiring trade-offs among oil palm production, carbon emissions mitigation, and maintaining community landholdings.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>22523241</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1200452109</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agrarian society Agricultural land Agriculture Agriculture - methods Agriculture - trends Arecaceae Arecaceae - growth & development Arecaceae - metabolism Biological Sciences Borneo Carbon Carbon - metabolism Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Commercial forests Conservation of Natural Resources Conservation of Natural Resources - methods Conservation of Natural Resources - trends Deforestation Ecosystem Elaeis guineensis Emission control Emissions Emissions control Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring - methods Fires Forest cover Forests Geography growth & development Indonesia Land cover Land leases Land management land use change Leases leasing metabolism methods mineral soils Palm Oil Peatlands Plant Oils Plant Oils - metabolism Plantations Social Sciences surveys time series analysis Trees Trees - growth & development trends Tropical environments Vegetable oils |
| title | Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia |
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