Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation for Two Generations on Changes of Lymphocyte Function Induced by Walker 256 Cancer Cachexia in Rats
Fish oil supplementation has been shown to improve the cachectic state of tumor-bearing animals and humans. Our previous study showed that fish oil supplementation (1 g per kg body weight per day) for 2 generations had anticancer and anticachetic effects in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats as demonstra...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrition and cancer 2009-01, Vol.61 (5), p.670-679 |
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| creator | Folador, Alessandra Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de Hirabara, Sandro Massao Aikawa, Julia Yamazaki, Ricardo K Martins, Edgair F Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de Pizatto, Nathalia Kanunfre, Carla C Peres, Carmem M Fernandes, Luiz C Curi, Rui |
| description | Fish oil supplementation has been shown to improve the cachectic state of tumor-bearing animals and humans. Our previous study showed that fish oil supplementation (1 g per kg body weight per day) for 2 generations had anticancer and anticachetic effects in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats as demonstrated by reduced tumor growth and body weight loss and increased food intake and survival. In this study, the effect of fish oil supplementation for 2 generations on membrane integrity, proliferation capacity, and CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus of Walker 256 tumor-bearing animals was investigated. We also determined fish oil effect on plasma concentration and ex vivo production of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, and IL-10]. Lymphocytes from thymus of tumor-bearing rats presented lower viability, but this change was abolished by fish oil supplementation. Tumor growth increased proliferation of lymphocytes from all lymphoid organs, and fish oil supplementation abolished this effect. Ex vivo production of TNF- and IL-6 was reduced in supplemented animals, but IL-4 and IL-10 secretion was stimulated in both nontumor and tumor-bearing rats. IL-10 and IFN-γ plasma levels was also decreased in supplemented animals. These results suggest that the anticachetic effects of fish oil supplementation for a long period of time (2 generations) in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats may be associated to a decrease in lymphocyte function as demonstrated by reduced viability, proliferation capacity, and cytokine production. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/01635580902825548 |
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Our previous study showed that fish oil supplementation (1 g per kg body weight per day) for 2 generations had anticancer and anticachetic effects in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats as demonstrated by reduced tumor growth and body weight loss and increased food intake and survival. In this study, the effect of fish oil supplementation for 2 generations on membrane integrity, proliferation capacity, and CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus of Walker 256 tumor-bearing animals was investigated. We also determined fish oil effect on plasma concentration and ex vivo production of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, and IL-10]. Lymphocytes from thymus of tumor-bearing rats presented lower viability, but this change was abolished by fish oil supplementation. Tumor growth increased proliferation of lymphocytes from all lymphoid organs, and fish oil supplementation abolished this effect. Ex vivo production of TNF- and IL-6 was reduced in supplemented animals, but IL-4 and IL-10 secretion was stimulated in both nontumor and tumor-bearing rats. IL-10 and IFN-γ plasma levels was also decreased in supplemented animals. These results suggest that the anticachetic effects of fish oil supplementation for a long period of time (2 generations) in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats may be associated to a decrease in lymphocyte function as demonstrated by reduced viability, proliferation capacity, and cytokine production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-5581</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-7914</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/01635580902825548</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19838941</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NUCADQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis Group</publisher><subject>animal disease models ; Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents - administration & dosage ; Biological and medical sciences ; cachexia ; Cachexia - etiology ; Cachexia - immunology ; Cachexia - prevention & control ; Carcinoma 256, Walker - complications ; Carcinoma 256, Walker - immunology ; Carcinoma 256, Walker - mortality ; Carcinoma 256, Walker - physiopathology ; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes ; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes ; cell culture ; Cell Membrane - metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; coconut oil ; cytokines ; Cytokines - blood ; Cytokines - metabolism ; dietary fat ; fatty acid composition ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; fish oils ; Fish Oils - administration & dosage ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; immunostimulants ; interferons ; interleukin-10 ; interleukin-4 ; interleukin-6 ; isolation ; long term effects ; lymph nodes ; Lymph Nodes - cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology ; lymphocyte proliferation ; lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Lymphocytes - physiology ; Male ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; neoplasms ; omega-3 fatty acids ; omega-6 fatty acids ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; spleen ; Spleen - cytology ; Thymus (Lamiaceae) ; Thymus Gland - cytology ; Thymus Gland - metabolism ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Weight Loss</subject><ispartof>Nutrition and cancer, 2009-01, Vol.61 (5), p.670-679</ispartof><rights>Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2009</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-623f5669357bb6a12b556b40a207a13eebc626d725c5c741e978e688a0a9d36b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-623f5669357bb6a12b556b40a207a13eebc626d725c5c741e978e688a0a9d36b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01635580902825548$$EPDF$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01635580902825548$$EHTML$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27915,27916,59636,60425</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21985068$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838941$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Folador, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirabara, Sandro Massao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aikawa, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamazaki, Ricardo K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins, Edgair F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pizatto, Nathalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanunfre, Carla C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peres, Carmem M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Luiz C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curi, Rui</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation for Two Generations on Changes of Lymphocyte Function Induced by Walker 256 Cancer Cachexia in Rats</title><title>Nutrition and cancer</title><addtitle>Nutr Cancer</addtitle><description>Fish oil supplementation has been shown to improve the cachectic state of tumor-bearing animals and humans. Our previous study showed that fish oil supplementation (1 g per kg body weight per day) for 2 generations had anticancer and anticachetic effects in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats as demonstrated by reduced tumor growth and body weight loss and increased food intake and survival. In this study, the effect of fish oil supplementation for 2 generations on membrane integrity, proliferation capacity, and CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus of Walker 256 tumor-bearing animals was investigated. We also determined fish oil effect on plasma concentration and ex vivo production of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, and IL-10]. Lymphocytes from thymus of tumor-bearing rats presented lower viability, but this change was abolished by fish oil supplementation. Tumor growth increased proliferation of lymphocytes from all lymphoid organs, and fish oil supplementation abolished this effect. Ex vivo production of TNF- and IL-6 was reduced in supplemented animals, but IL-4 and IL-10 secretion was stimulated in both nontumor and tumor-bearing rats. IL-10 and IFN-γ plasma levels was also decreased in supplemented animals. These results suggest that the anticachetic effects of fish oil supplementation for a long period of time (2 generations) in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats may be associated to a decrease in lymphocyte function as demonstrated by reduced viability, proliferation capacity, and cytokine production.</description><subject>animal disease models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anticarcinogenic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cachexia</subject><subject>Cachexia - etiology</subject><subject>Cachexia - immunology</subject><subject>Cachexia - prevention & control</subject><subject>Carcinoma 256, Walker - complications</subject><subject>Carcinoma 256, Walker - immunology</subject><subject>Carcinoma 256, Walker - mortality</subject><subject>Carcinoma 256, Walker - physiopathology</subject><subject>CD4-positive T-lymphocytes</subject><subject>CD8-positive T-lymphocytes</subject><subject>cell culture</subject><subject>Cell Membrane - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cell Survival</subject><subject>coconut oil</subject><subject>cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - blood</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>dietary fat</subject><subject>fatty acid composition</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fish oils</subject><subject>Fish Oils - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>immunostimulants</subject><subject>interferons</subject><subject>interleukin-10</subject><subject>interleukin-4</subject><subject>interleukin-6</subject><subject>isolation</subject><subject>long term effects</subject><subject>lymph nodes</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - cytology</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Activation - immunology</subject><subject>lymphocyte proliferation</subject><subject>lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Lymphocytes - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neoplasm Transplantation</subject><subject>neoplasms</subject><subject>omega-3 fatty acids</subject><subject>omega-6 fatty acids</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>spleen</subject><subject>Spleen - cytology</subject><subject>Thymus (Lamiaceae)</subject><subject>Thymus Gland - cytology</subject><subject>Thymus Gland - metabolism</subject><subject>tumor necrosis factor-alpha</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Weight Loss</subject><issn>0163-5581</issn><issn>1532-7914</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkctu1DAUhiMEokPhAdiAN4hVwJf4EolNFXVKpZEq0VYsoxPH6QQSO9iO2rwAz42nM8CiEmVl6_j7fh35z7LXBH8gWOGPmAjGucIlpopyXqgn2YpwRnNZkuJpttq95wkgR9mLEL5hjCVh6nl2RErFVFmQVfbztOuMjsh1aN2HLbroB3Q5T9NgRmMjxN5Z1DmPrm4dOjPW-PtRQGlcbcHemLBTN8s4bZ1eokHr2ep769y2szYtahb0FYbvxiPKBarA6nStQG_NXQ-ot-gLxPAye9bBEMyrw3mcXa9Pr6rP-ebi7Lw62eSakzLmgrKOC1EyLptGAKEN56IpMFAsgTBjGi2oaCXlmmtZEFNKZYRSgKFsmWjYcfZ-nzt592M2IdZjH7QZBrDGzaGWvEiJktD_JIUij5OswCVhJU8k2ZPauxC86erJ9yP4pSa43jVaP2g0OW8O6XMzmvavcagwAe8OAAQNQ-fTD_fhD0cTyLHYBX3ac71NhY5w6_zQ1hGWwfnfEvvXHvJR_YFVx7uYzLd7swNXw41P4PUlxYQlXEkpCPsFUjbVRg</recordid><startdate>20090101</startdate><enddate>20090101</enddate><creator>Folador, Alessandra</creator><creator>Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de</creator><creator>Hirabara, Sandro Massao</creator><creator>Aikawa, Julia</creator><creator>Yamazaki, Ricardo K</creator><creator>Martins, Edgair F</creator><creator>Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de</creator><creator>Pizatto, Nathalia</creator><creator>Kanunfre, Carla C</creator><creator>Peres, Carmem M</creator><creator>Fernandes, Luiz C</creator><creator>Curi, Rui</creator><general>Taylor & Francis Group</general><general>Taylor& Francis</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090101</creationdate><title>Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation for Two Generations on Changes of Lymphocyte Function Induced by Walker 256 Cancer Cachexia in Rats</title><author>Folador, Alessandra ; Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de ; Hirabara, Sandro Massao ; Aikawa, Julia ; Yamazaki, Ricardo K ; Martins, Edgair F ; Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de ; Pizatto, Nathalia ; Kanunfre, Carla C ; Peres, Carmem M ; Fernandes, Luiz C ; Curi, Rui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-623f5669357bb6a12b556b40a207a13eebc626d725c5c741e978e688a0a9d36b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>animal disease models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anticarcinogenic Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cachexia</topic><topic>Cachexia - etiology</topic><topic>Cachexia - immunology</topic><topic>Cachexia - prevention & control</topic><topic>Carcinoma 256, Walker - complications</topic><topic>Carcinoma 256, Walker - immunology</topic><topic>Carcinoma 256, Walker - mortality</topic><topic>Carcinoma 256, Walker - physiopathology</topic><topic>CD4-positive T-lymphocytes</topic><topic>CD8-positive T-lymphocytes</topic><topic>cell culture</topic><topic>Cell Membrane - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Cell Survival</topic><topic>coconut oil</topic><topic>cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - blood</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>dietary fat</topic><topic>fatty acid composition</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fish oils</topic><topic>Fish Oils - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>immunostimulants</topic><topic>interferons</topic><topic>interleukin-10</topic><topic>interleukin-4</topic><topic>interleukin-6</topic><topic>isolation</topic><topic>long term effects</topic><topic>lymph nodes</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - cytology</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Activation - immunology</topic><topic>lymphocyte proliferation</topic><topic>lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Lymphocytes - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neoplasm Transplantation</topic><topic>neoplasms</topic><topic>omega-3 fatty acids</topic><topic>omega-6 fatty acids</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>spleen</topic><topic>Spleen - cytology</topic><topic>Thymus (Lamiaceae)</topic><topic>Thymus Gland - cytology</topic><topic>Thymus Gland - metabolism</topic><topic>tumor necrosis factor-alpha</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Weight Loss</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Folador, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirabara, Sandro Massao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aikawa, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamazaki, Ricardo K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins, Edgair F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pizatto, Nathalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanunfre, Carla C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peres, Carmem M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Luiz C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curi, Rui</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Nutrition and cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Folador, Alessandra</au><au>Lima-Salgado, Thais Martins de</au><au>Hirabara, Sandro Massao</au><au>Aikawa, Julia</au><au>Yamazaki, Ricardo K</au><au>Martins, Edgair F</au><au>Oliveira, Heloisa Helena P. de</au><au>Pizatto, Nathalia</au><au>Kanunfre, Carla C</au><au>Peres, Carmem M</au><au>Fernandes, Luiz C</au><au>Curi, Rui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation for Two Generations on Changes of Lymphocyte Function Induced by Walker 256 Cancer Cachexia in Rats</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition and cancer</jtitle><addtitle>Nutr Cancer</addtitle><date>2009-01-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>670</spage><epage>679</epage><pages>670-679</pages><issn>0163-5581</issn><eissn>1532-7914</eissn><coden>NUCADQ</coden><abstract>Fish oil supplementation has been shown to improve the cachectic state of tumor-bearing animals and humans. Our previous study showed that fish oil supplementation (1 g per kg body weight per day) for 2 generations had anticancer and anticachetic effects in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats as demonstrated by reduced tumor growth and body weight loss and increased food intake and survival. In this study, the effect of fish oil supplementation for 2 generations on membrane integrity, proliferation capacity, and CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocytes isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus of Walker 256 tumor-bearing animals was investigated. We also determined fish oil effect on plasma concentration and ex vivo production of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, and IL-10]. Lymphocytes from thymus of tumor-bearing rats presented lower viability, but this change was abolished by fish oil supplementation. Tumor growth increased proliferation of lymphocytes from all lymphoid organs, and fish oil supplementation abolished this effect. Ex vivo production of TNF- and IL-6 was reduced in supplemented animals, but IL-4 and IL-10 secretion was stimulated in both nontumor and tumor-bearing rats. IL-10 and IFN-γ plasma levels was also decreased in supplemented animals. These results suggest that the anticachetic effects of fish oil supplementation for a long period of time (2 generations) in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats may be associated to a decrease in lymphocyte function as demonstrated by reduced viability, proliferation capacity, and cytokine production.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia, PA</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis Group</pub><pmid>19838941</pmid><doi>10.1080/01635580902825548</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nutrition and cancer, 2009-01, Vol.61 (5), p.670-679 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Taylor & Francis:Master (3349 titles) |
| subjects | animal disease models Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents - administration & dosage Biological and medical sciences cachexia Cachexia - etiology Cachexia - immunology Cachexia - prevention & control Carcinoma 256, Walker - complications Carcinoma 256, Walker - immunology Carcinoma 256, Walker - mortality Carcinoma 256, Walker - physiopathology CD4-positive T-lymphocytes CD8-positive T-lymphocytes cell culture Cell Membrane - metabolism Cell Proliferation Cell Survival coconut oil cytokines Cytokines - blood Cytokines - metabolism dietary fat fatty acid composition Feeding. Feeding behavior Female fish oils Fish Oils - administration & dosage Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology immunostimulants interferons interleukin-10 interleukin-4 interleukin-6 isolation long term effects lymph nodes Lymph Nodes - cytology Lymphocyte Activation - immunology lymphocyte proliferation lymphocytes Lymphocytes - metabolism Lymphocytes - physiology Male Neoplasm Transplantation neoplasms omega-3 fatty acids omega-6 fatty acids Rats Rats, Wistar spleen Spleen - cytology Thymus (Lamiaceae) Thymus Gland - cytology Thymus Gland - metabolism tumor necrosis factor-alpha Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Weight Loss |
| title | Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation for Two Generations on Changes of Lymphocyte Function Induced by Walker 256 Cancer Cachexia in Rats |
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