Histomorphometric Study of Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats Fed a Boron-Deficient Diet

Bone healing after tooth extraction in rats is a suitable experimental model to study bone formation. Thus, we performed a study to determine the effects of boron (B) deficiency on bone healing by using this model. The first lower right molar of weanling Wistar rats was extracted under anesthesia. The animals were divided into two groups: +B (adequate; 3 mg B/kg diet), and -B (boron-deficient; 0.07 mg/kg diet). The animals in both groups were killed in groups of 10 at 7 and 14 days after surgery. The guidelines of the NIH for the care and use of laboratory animals were observed. The mandibles were resected, fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. Buccolingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the mesial alveolus and used for histometric evaluations. Total alveolar volume (TAV) and trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) in the apical third of the alveolus were determined. Percentages of osteoblast surface (ObS), eroded surface (ES), and quiescent surface (QS) were determined. No statistical significant differences in food intake and body weight were observed. Histomorphometric evaluation found -B rats had 36% and 63% reductions in BV/TV at 7 and 14 days, respectively. When compared with +B rats, -B rats had significant reductions (57% and 87%) in ObS concomitantly with increases (120% and 126%) in QS at 7 and 14 days, respectively. The findings show that boron deficiency results in altered bone healing because of a marked reduction in osteogenesis.