Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija
European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) is the only autochthonous and relic species of the genus Umbra present in Europe, and it is endemic for the Danube and Dniester river basins. In scope of its present discontinuous range, due to habitat desiccation and pollution, the populations of Eur...
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| description | European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) is the only autochthonous and relic species of the genus Umbra present in Europe, and it is endemic for the Danube and Dniester river basins. In scope of its present discontinuous range, due to habitat desiccation and pollution, the populations of European mudminnow significantly decreased during the last decades of the 20th century. For this reason it is listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable (VU). At the national level, it is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), with a serious threat to be soon extinct. The range of the species in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this dissertation, including a newly recorded population in Serbia (locality Lugomir), along with the results of ecological and morphological-genetic differentiation of the analysed populations, and the threat status at the national level with threat factors and conservation measures. A total of 76 individuals from three populations, two from Serbia (23 individuals from Lugomir and 21 individuals from Bakreni Batar) and one from Bosnia and Herzegovina (32 individuals from Gromiželj), were sampled. Basic geographical parameters (longitude, latitude, altitude) were determined for each locality, along with physical and chemical habitat parameters (width of the water basin, water and silt depth, water and air temperature, pH, electroconductivity, oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation, ammonia, nitrites, phosphates). All sampled individuals were photographed for the purpose of geometric morphometrics analyses, and their total (TL) and standard (SL) body length and body weight were measured for population stucture analyses. Furthermore, gonads were taken for sex determination, digestive tract for diet analysis, scales for age determination, and tissue samples for genetic variability analysis. Species composition of aquatic plants and fishes was determined at all localities, and invertebrates from mud and submersed vegetation were sampled with the aim to determine their diversity and to analyse the diet of European mudminnow. For their physical-chemical parameters and aquatic plant and fish species composition all three studied localities represent typical habitats of European mudminnow. The analysis of invertebrate assemblages showed that representatives of Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, and Chironomidae were present at all localities. Among the most abundant invertebrates are Isopoda |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>europeana_1GC</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_europeana_collections_9200447_BibliographicResource_3000095542544</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>9200447_BibliographicResource_3000095542544</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-europeana_collections_9200447_BibliographicResource_30000955425443</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqtT0tOwzAQzYYFAu4wyyK1UkgdVdm2CuqGDR-xjCbOJJnW9kR2DKfgIpyDg2FF5QbM5mn0nt7nOvuutRgZWKMBPaJHPZPnMLMOgK4DK34a_xSbgRwlCjrue_LkZsaZxQE7mGSKZvkCSA919DIROrCxs-ycyCes3mzrEc4ebcqAdzQtRruGh11V3EPvxcIef77OuIanhB-4NHgh2yb5CW-zqx5NoLsL3mTHx_r1cNzQJQubtMWQXko0VZHnSu2aPbeGZfA4jayfKUj0mpptnq4qS1WUSm3_0eoX9Mp1VQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>dissertation</recordtype></control><display><type>dissertation</type><title>Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija</title><source>Europeana Collections</source><creator>Sekulić Nenad</creator><creatorcontrib>Sekulić Nenad ; Marić Saša ; Jojić Vida ; Krpo-Ćetković Jasmina ; Hegediš Aleksandar ; Lenhardt Mirjana</creatorcontrib><description>European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) is the only autochthonous and relic species of the genus Umbra present in Europe, and it is endemic for the Danube and Dniester river basins. In scope of its present discontinuous range, due to habitat desiccation and pollution, the populations of European mudminnow significantly decreased during the last decades of the 20th century. For this reason it is listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable (VU). At the national level, it is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), with a serious threat to be soon extinct. The range of the species in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this dissertation, including a newly recorded population in Serbia (locality Lugomir), along with the results of ecological and morphological-genetic differentiation of the analysed populations, and the threat status at the national level with threat factors and conservation measures. A total of 76 individuals from three populations, two from Serbia (23 individuals from Lugomir and 21 individuals from Bakreni Batar) and one from Bosnia and Herzegovina (32 individuals from Gromiželj), were sampled. Basic geographical parameters (longitude, latitude, altitude) were determined for each locality, along with physical and chemical habitat parameters (width of the water basin, water and silt depth, water and air temperature, pH, electroconductivity, oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation, ammonia, nitrites, phosphates). All sampled individuals were photographed for the purpose of geometric morphometrics analyses, and their total (TL) and standard (SL) body length and body weight were measured for population stucture analyses. Furthermore, gonads were taken for sex determination, digestive tract for diet analysis, scales for age determination, and tissue samples for genetic variability analysis. Species composition of aquatic plants and fishes was determined at all localities, and invertebrates from mud and submersed vegetation were sampled with the aim to determine their diversity and to analyse the diet of European mudminnow. For their physical-chemical parameters and aquatic plant and fish species composition all three studied localities represent typical habitats of European mudminnow. The analysis of invertebrate assemblages showed that representatives of Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, and Chironomidae were present at all localities. Among the most abundant invertebrates are Isopoda, which were present at all three localities, followed by Heteroptera and Megaloptera in Bakreni Batar, Heteroptera and Odonata in channels of Lugomir, and Odonata and Chironomidae in Gromiželj. Population structure was analysed according to measured total body lengths and weights, and determined sex and age of specimens. Total body lengths in Lugomir and Bakreni Batar are similar and range from 53.3 to 82.4 mm, and from 60.1 to 83.2 mm, respectively, as well as weights, ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 g, and from 1.5 to 6.6 g, respectively. In the sample from Gromiželj, the total body length ranges from 24.3 to 102.9 mm, and weight from 0.1 to 16.4 g. Younger age classes (1+ and 2+) dominate in all samples, and in Gromiželj even juvenile individuals were detected (0+), as well as individuals from older age classes (3+ and 4+). The sex ratio indicates that males dominate in the samples from Lugomir and Bakreni Batar, and females from Gromiželj. Length and weight growth analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference only in total body lengths of individuals aged 1+ from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy's growth model for the sample from Gromiželj were L∞ = 117.76, K = 0.449, and t0 = 0.447. The estimated values of the allometric coefficient b vary from 2.619 to 3.684, indicating that individuals from all three samples have an allometric growth. Fulton's condition factor decreases with increasing body length only in females and in the overall sample from the locality Lugomir, while in other cases it increases with increasing body length. The allometric condition factor slightly decreases with increasing body length in all three overall samples and between sexes, except in males from the locality Lugomir, in which it increases with increasing body length. The diet of European mudminnow was analysed according to its gastrointestinal contents (vacuity index, food spectrum, average number of prey items per predator stomach, and niche breadth). The representatives of the family Chironomidae were the most frequent prey of specimens from the locality Lugomir, while Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda) was the most frequent prey of specimens from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The morphological variability, namely body size and shape, was analysed for the first time in European mudminnow by using the methods of geometric morphometrics. By applying the molecular-genetic methods, in which repetitive sequences of nuclear DNA were used – microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b), the genetic diversity of the analysed populations was determined. The comparison of the results of geometric morphometrics and molecular genetic analyses indicates a high level of their congruence. The Danube River population from the locality Lugomir is differentiated from the Sava River populations from the localities Bakreni Batar and Gromiželj, which show a significantly higher level of mutual similarity and relatedness. Such clear differentiation is indicated by visual separation of the analysed populations across the first canonical axe, as well as by statistical significance of the estimated Procrustes distances, the UPGMA phenogram, mtDNA cytochrome b analysis, and microsatellite loci analysis ("neighbour-joining" unrooted tree of individuals and "STRUCTURE" analysis). Observed phenetic and genetic relationships of the analysed populations of European mudminnow are most probably the consequence of historical, geographical, and ecological factors. The current presence of European mudminnow at three studied localities in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are positioned outside the range limits cited in literature, supplement the knowledge on its distribution in Europe and suggest a possibility for existence of other populations, which all represents a good basis for species conservation and return to its extinct habitats. The results of this research represent a contribution to the knowledge of ecology of this species and of its morphological and genetic population variability. In keeping with the national legislation, following the adoption of adequate documents and measures, the obtained data offer a good basis for conservation and management of this globally threatened species.
Crnka (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) je jedina autohtona i reliktna vrsta iz roda Umbra prisutna u Evropi, endemična za basene Dunava i Dnjestra. U okviru današnjeg diskontinuiranog areala, usled isušivanja i zagađivanja staništa, populacije crnke značajno su smanjene poslednjih decenija XX veka. Iz navedenih razloga crnka se nalazi na IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta i ima status ranjive vrste (VU). Na nacionalnom nivou ima status kritično ugrožene vrste (CR) i nalazi se u neposrednoj opasnosti od iščezavanja. U ovoj disertaciji su uz distribuciju vrste u Srbiji i Bosni i Hercegovini, sa novozabeleženom populacijom u Srbiji (lokalitet Lugomir), prikazani i rezultati analize ekoloških karakteristika i morfološko-genetičke diferencijacije istraživanih populacija, a dat je i status ugroženosti vrste na nacionalnom nivou sa ugrožavajućim faktorima i merama zaštite i očuvanja. Za potrebe rada uzorkovano je ukupno 76 jedinki iz tri populacije, dve iz Srbije (23 jedinke sa lokaliteta Lugomir i 21 jedinka sa lokaliteta Bakreni Batar) i jedna iz Bosne i Hercegovine (32 jedinke sa lokaliteta Gromiželj). Za svaki istraživani lokalitet određeni su osnovni geografski parametri (geografska dužina, širina i nadmorska visina) i fizičko-hemijske karakteristike staništa (širina vodenog basena, dubina vode i mulja, temperatura vode i vazduha, pH vrednost, elektroprovodljivost, koncentracija kiseonika, saturacija kiseonikom, koncentracije amonijaka, nitrita i fosfata). Sve jedinke u uzorku su prvo fotografisane za potrebe analiza geometrijske morfometrije, a nakon toga su im merene totalna (TL) i standardna (SL) dužina tela i težina tela za potrebe analize strukture populacija. Takođe, jedinkama su uzete gonade za utvrđivanje pola, uzorci digestivnog trakta za analizu ishrane, uzorci krljušti za određivanje starosti i uzorci tkiva za analizu genetičke varijabilnosti. Na svim istraživanim lokalitetima utvrđen je kvalitativni sastav biljaka i riba, a izvršeno je i uzorkovanje beskičmenjaka iz mulja i submerzne vegetacije u cilju utvrđivanja njihovog kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava i analize ishrane crnke. Sva tri istraživana lokaliteta prema analiziranim fizičko hemijskim parametrima i sastavom zajednice biljaka i riba predstavljaju tipična staništa crnke. Analizom procentualne zastupljenosti glavnih grupa beskičmenjaka ustanovljeno je da su na svim istraživanim lokalitetima prisutni predstavnici Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera i Chironomidae. Među najzastupljenijim beskičmenjacima nalaze se predstavnici grupe Isopoda, koji su prisutni na sva tri lokaliteta, zatim grupa Heteroptera i Megaloptera u Bakrenom Bataru, odnosno Heteroptera i Odonata u kanalima na Lugomiru, kao i Odonata i Chironomidae na lokalitetu Gromiželj. Struktura populacija analizirana je na osnovu izmerene totalne dužine i težine tela i utvrđenog pola i starosti uzorkovanih jedinki. Totalne dužine tela uzoraka sa lokaliteta Lugomir i Bakreni Batar imaju približnu vrednost koja se kreće od 53,3 do 82,4 mm, odnosno 60,1 do 83,2 mm, sa izmerenim težinama od 1,5 do 5,9 g, odnosno od 1,5 do 6,6 g. U uzorku sa lokaliteta Gromiželj totalna dužina tela iznosi od 24,3 do 102,9 mm a težina od</description><language>srp</language><publisher>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology</publisher><subject>Bosna i Hercegovina ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; conservation ; distribucija ; distribution ; ecological characteristics ; ekološke karakteristike ; genetic variability ; genetička varijabilnost ; geometric morphometrics ; geometrijska morfometrija ; Serbia ; Srbija ; ugroženost ; Umbra krameri ; vulnerability ; zaštita</subject><creationdate>2013</creationdate><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://data.europeana.eu/item/9200447/BibliographicResource_3000095542544$$EHTML$$P50$$Geuropeana$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>311,776,38494,75919</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://data.europeana.eu/item/9200447/BibliographicResource_3000095542544$$EView_record_in_Europeana$$FView_record_in_$$GEuropeana$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sekulić Nenad</creatorcontrib><title>Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija</title><description>European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) is the only autochthonous and relic species of the genus Umbra present in Europe, and it is endemic for the Danube and Dniester river basins. In scope of its present discontinuous range, due to habitat desiccation and pollution, the populations of European mudminnow significantly decreased during the last decades of the 20th century. For this reason it is listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable (VU). At the national level, it is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), with a serious threat to be soon extinct. The range of the species in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this dissertation, including a newly recorded population in Serbia (locality Lugomir), along with the results of ecological and morphological-genetic differentiation of the analysed populations, and the threat status at the national level with threat factors and conservation measures. A total of 76 individuals from three populations, two from Serbia (23 individuals from Lugomir and 21 individuals from Bakreni Batar) and one from Bosnia and Herzegovina (32 individuals from Gromiželj), were sampled. Basic geographical parameters (longitude, latitude, altitude) were determined for each locality, along with physical and chemical habitat parameters (width of the water basin, water and silt depth, water and air temperature, pH, electroconductivity, oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation, ammonia, nitrites, phosphates). All sampled individuals were photographed for the purpose of geometric morphometrics analyses, and their total (TL) and standard (SL) body length and body weight were measured for population stucture analyses. Furthermore, gonads were taken for sex determination, digestive tract for diet analysis, scales for age determination, and tissue samples for genetic variability analysis. Species composition of aquatic plants and fishes was determined at all localities, and invertebrates from mud and submersed vegetation were sampled with the aim to determine their diversity and to analyse the diet of European mudminnow. For their physical-chemical parameters and aquatic plant and fish species composition all three studied localities represent typical habitats of European mudminnow. The analysis of invertebrate assemblages showed that representatives of Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, and Chironomidae were present at all localities. Among the most abundant invertebrates are Isopoda, which were present at all three localities, followed by Heteroptera and Megaloptera in Bakreni Batar, Heteroptera and Odonata in channels of Lugomir, and Odonata and Chironomidae in Gromiželj. Population structure was analysed according to measured total body lengths and weights, and determined sex and age of specimens. Total body lengths in Lugomir and Bakreni Batar are similar and range from 53.3 to 82.4 mm, and from 60.1 to 83.2 mm, respectively, as well as weights, ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 g, and from 1.5 to 6.6 g, respectively. In the sample from Gromiželj, the total body length ranges from 24.3 to 102.9 mm, and weight from 0.1 to 16.4 g. Younger age classes (1+ and 2+) dominate in all samples, and in Gromiželj even juvenile individuals were detected (0+), as well as individuals from older age classes (3+ and 4+). The sex ratio indicates that males dominate in the samples from Lugomir and Bakreni Batar, and females from Gromiželj. Length and weight growth analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference only in total body lengths of individuals aged 1+ from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy's growth model for the sample from Gromiželj were L∞ = 117.76, K = 0.449, and t0 = 0.447. The estimated values of the allometric coefficient b vary from 2.619 to 3.684, indicating that individuals from all three samples have an allometric growth. Fulton's condition factor decreases with increasing body length only in females and in the overall sample from the locality Lugomir, while in other cases it increases with increasing body length. The allometric condition factor slightly decreases with increasing body length in all three overall samples and between sexes, except in males from the locality Lugomir, in which it increases with increasing body length. The diet of European mudminnow was analysed according to its gastrointestinal contents (vacuity index, food spectrum, average number of prey items per predator stomach, and niche breadth). The representatives of the family Chironomidae were the most frequent prey of specimens from the locality Lugomir, while Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda) was the most frequent prey of specimens from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The morphological variability, namely body size and shape, was analysed for the first time in European mudminnow by using the methods of geometric morphometrics. By applying the molecular-genetic methods, in which repetitive sequences of nuclear DNA were used – microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b), the genetic diversity of the analysed populations was determined. The comparison of the results of geometric morphometrics and molecular genetic analyses indicates a high level of their congruence. The Danube River population from the locality Lugomir is differentiated from the Sava River populations from the localities Bakreni Batar and Gromiželj, which show a significantly higher level of mutual similarity and relatedness. Such clear differentiation is indicated by visual separation of the analysed populations across the first canonical axe, as well as by statistical significance of the estimated Procrustes distances, the UPGMA phenogram, mtDNA cytochrome b analysis, and microsatellite loci analysis ("neighbour-joining" unrooted tree of individuals and "STRUCTURE" analysis). Observed phenetic and genetic relationships of the analysed populations of European mudminnow are most probably the consequence of historical, geographical, and ecological factors. The current presence of European mudminnow at three studied localities in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are positioned outside the range limits cited in literature, supplement the knowledge on its distribution in Europe and suggest a possibility for existence of other populations, which all represents a good basis for species conservation and return to its extinct habitats. The results of this research represent a contribution to the knowledge of ecology of this species and of its morphological and genetic population variability. In keeping with the national legislation, following the adoption of adequate documents and measures, the obtained data offer a good basis for conservation and management of this globally threatened species.
Crnka (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) je jedina autohtona i reliktna vrsta iz roda Umbra prisutna u Evropi, endemična za basene Dunava i Dnjestra. U okviru današnjeg diskontinuiranog areala, usled isušivanja i zagađivanja staništa, populacije crnke značajno su smanjene poslednjih decenija XX veka. Iz navedenih razloga crnka se nalazi na IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta i ima status ranjive vrste (VU). Na nacionalnom nivou ima status kritično ugrožene vrste (CR) i nalazi se u neposrednoj opasnosti od iščezavanja. U ovoj disertaciji su uz distribuciju vrste u Srbiji i Bosni i Hercegovini, sa novozabeleženom populacijom u Srbiji (lokalitet Lugomir), prikazani i rezultati analize ekoloških karakteristika i morfološko-genetičke diferencijacije istraživanih populacija, a dat je i status ugroženosti vrste na nacionalnom nivou sa ugrožavajućim faktorima i merama zaštite i očuvanja. Za potrebe rada uzorkovano je ukupno 76 jedinki iz tri populacije, dve iz Srbije (23 jedinke sa lokaliteta Lugomir i 21 jedinka sa lokaliteta Bakreni Batar) i jedna iz Bosne i Hercegovine (32 jedinke sa lokaliteta Gromiželj). Za svaki istraživani lokalitet određeni su osnovni geografski parametri (geografska dužina, širina i nadmorska visina) i fizičko-hemijske karakteristike staništa (širina vodenog basena, dubina vode i mulja, temperatura vode i vazduha, pH vrednost, elektroprovodljivost, koncentracija kiseonika, saturacija kiseonikom, koncentracije amonijaka, nitrita i fosfata). Sve jedinke u uzorku su prvo fotografisane za potrebe analiza geometrijske morfometrije, a nakon toga su im merene totalna (TL) i standardna (SL) dužina tela i težina tela za potrebe analize strukture populacija. Takođe, jedinkama su uzete gonade za utvrđivanje pola, uzorci digestivnog trakta za analizu ishrane, uzorci krljušti za određivanje starosti i uzorci tkiva za analizu genetičke varijabilnosti. Na svim istraživanim lokalitetima utvrđen je kvalitativni sastav biljaka i riba, a izvršeno je i uzorkovanje beskičmenjaka iz mulja i submerzne vegetacije u cilju utvrđivanja njihovog kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava i analize ishrane crnke. Sva tri istraživana lokaliteta prema analiziranim fizičko hemijskim parametrima i sastavom zajednice biljaka i riba predstavljaju tipična staništa crnke. Analizom procentualne zastupljenosti glavnih grupa beskičmenjaka ustanovljeno je da su na svim istraživanim lokalitetima prisutni predstavnici Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera i Chironomidae. Među najzastupljenijim beskičmenjacima nalaze se predstavnici grupe Isopoda, koji su prisutni na sva tri lokaliteta, zatim grupa Heteroptera i Megaloptera u Bakrenom Bataru, odnosno Heteroptera i Odonata u kanalima na Lugomiru, kao i Odonata i Chironomidae na lokalitetu Gromiželj. Struktura populacija analizirana je na osnovu izmerene totalne dužine i težine tela i utvrđenog pola i starosti uzorkovanih jedinki. Totalne dužine tela uzoraka sa lokaliteta Lugomir i Bakreni Batar imaju približnu vrednost koja se kreće od 53,3 do 82,4 mm, odnosno 60,1 do 83,2 mm, sa izmerenim težinama od 1,5 do 5,9 g, odnosno od 1,5 do 6,6 g. U uzorku sa lokaliteta Gromiželj totalna dužina tela iznosi od 24,3 do 102,9 mm a težina od</description><subject>Bosna i Hercegovina</subject><subject>Bosnia and Herzegovina</subject><subject>conservation</subject><subject>distribucija</subject><subject>distribution</subject><subject>ecological characteristics</subject><subject>ekološke karakteristike</subject><subject>genetic variability</subject><subject>genetička varijabilnost</subject><subject>geometric morphometrics</subject><subject>geometrijska morfometrija</subject><subject>Serbia</subject><subject>Srbija</subject><subject>ugroženost</subject><subject>Umbra krameri</subject><subject>vulnerability</subject><subject>zaštita</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>dissertation</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>dissertation</recordtype><sourceid>1GC</sourceid><recordid>eNqtT0tOwzAQzYYFAu4wyyK1UkgdVdm2CuqGDR-xjCbOJJnW9kR2DKfgIpyDg2FF5QbM5mn0nt7nOvuutRgZWKMBPaJHPZPnMLMOgK4DK34a_xSbgRwlCjrue_LkZsaZxQE7mGSKZvkCSA919DIROrCxs-ycyCes3mzrEc4ebcqAdzQtRruGh11V3EPvxcIef77OuIanhB-4NHgh2yb5CW-zqx5NoLsL3mTHx_r1cNzQJQubtMWQXko0VZHnSu2aPbeGZfA4jayfKUj0mpptnq4qS1WUSm3_0eoX9Mp1VQ</recordid><startdate>20131221</startdate><enddate>20131221</enddate><creator>Sekulić Nenad</creator><general>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology</general><scope>1GC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131221</creationdate><title>Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija</title><author>Sekulić Nenad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-europeana_collections_9200447_BibliographicResource_30000955425443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>dissertations</rsrctype><prefilter>dissertations</prefilter><language>srp</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Bosna i Hercegovina</topic><topic>Bosnia and Herzegovina</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>distribucija</topic><topic>distribution</topic><topic>ecological characteristics</topic><topic>ekološke karakteristike</topic><topic>genetic variability</topic><topic>genetička varijabilnost</topic><topic>geometric morphometrics</topic><topic>geometrijska morfometrija</topic><topic>Serbia</topic><topic>Srbija</topic><topic>ugroženost</topic><topic>Umbra krameri</topic><topic>vulnerability</topic><topic>zaštita</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sekulić Nenad</creatorcontrib><collection>Europeana Collections</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sekulić Nenad</au><format>dissertation</format><genre>dissertation</genre><ristype>THES</ristype><Advisor>Marić Saša</Advisor><Advisor>Jojić Vida</Advisor><Advisor>Krpo-Ćetković Jasmina</Advisor><Advisor>Hegediš Aleksandar</Advisor><Advisor>Lenhardt Mirjana</Advisor><btitle>Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija</btitle><date>2013-12-21</date><risdate>2013</risdate><abstract>European mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) is the only autochthonous and relic species of the genus Umbra present in Europe, and it is endemic for the Danube and Dniester river basins. In scope of its present discontinuous range, due to habitat desiccation and pollution, the populations of European mudminnow significantly decreased during the last decades of the 20th century. For this reason it is listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable (VU). At the national level, it is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), with a serious threat to be soon extinct. The range of the species in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented in this dissertation, including a newly recorded population in Serbia (locality Lugomir), along with the results of ecological and morphological-genetic differentiation of the analysed populations, and the threat status at the national level with threat factors and conservation measures. A total of 76 individuals from three populations, two from Serbia (23 individuals from Lugomir and 21 individuals from Bakreni Batar) and one from Bosnia and Herzegovina (32 individuals from Gromiželj), were sampled. Basic geographical parameters (longitude, latitude, altitude) were determined for each locality, along with physical and chemical habitat parameters (width of the water basin, water and silt depth, water and air temperature, pH, electroconductivity, oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation, ammonia, nitrites, phosphates). All sampled individuals were photographed for the purpose of geometric morphometrics analyses, and their total (TL) and standard (SL) body length and body weight were measured for population stucture analyses. Furthermore, gonads were taken for sex determination, digestive tract for diet analysis, scales for age determination, and tissue samples for genetic variability analysis. Species composition of aquatic plants and fishes was determined at all localities, and invertebrates from mud and submersed vegetation were sampled with the aim to determine their diversity and to analyse the diet of European mudminnow. For their physical-chemical parameters and aquatic plant and fish species composition all three studied localities represent typical habitats of European mudminnow. The analysis of invertebrate assemblages showed that representatives of Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, and Chironomidae were present at all localities. Among the most abundant invertebrates are Isopoda, which were present at all three localities, followed by Heteroptera and Megaloptera in Bakreni Batar, Heteroptera and Odonata in channels of Lugomir, and Odonata and Chironomidae in Gromiželj. Population structure was analysed according to measured total body lengths and weights, and determined sex and age of specimens. Total body lengths in Lugomir and Bakreni Batar are similar and range from 53.3 to 82.4 mm, and from 60.1 to 83.2 mm, respectively, as well as weights, ranging from 1.5 to 5.9 g, and from 1.5 to 6.6 g, respectively. In the sample from Gromiželj, the total body length ranges from 24.3 to 102.9 mm, and weight from 0.1 to 16.4 g. Younger age classes (1+ and 2+) dominate in all samples, and in Gromiželj even juvenile individuals were detected (0+), as well as individuals from older age classes (3+ and 4+). The sex ratio indicates that males dominate in the samples from Lugomir and Bakreni Batar, and females from Gromiželj. Length and weight growth analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference only in total body lengths of individuals aged 1+ from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy's growth model for the sample from Gromiželj were L∞ = 117.76, K = 0.449, and t0 = 0.447. The estimated values of the allometric coefficient b vary from 2.619 to 3.684, indicating that individuals from all three samples have an allometric growth. Fulton's condition factor decreases with increasing body length only in females and in the overall sample from the locality Lugomir, while in other cases it increases with increasing body length. The allometric condition factor slightly decreases with increasing body length in all three overall samples and between sexes, except in males from the locality Lugomir, in which it increases with increasing body length. The diet of European mudminnow was analysed according to its gastrointestinal contents (vacuity index, food spectrum, average number of prey items per predator stomach, and niche breadth). The representatives of the family Chironomidae were the most frequent prey of specimens from the locality Lugomir, while Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda) was the most frequent prey of specimens from Gromiželj and Bakreni Batar. The morphological variability, namely body size and shape, was analysed for the first time in European mudminnow by using the methods of geometric morphometrics. By applying the molecular-genetic methods, in which repetitive sequences of nuclear DNA were used – microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b), the genetic diversity of the analysed populations was determined. The comparison of the results of geometric morphometrics and molecular genetic analyses indicates a high level of their congruence. The Danube River population from the locality Lugomir is differentiated from the Sava River populations from the localities Bakreni Batar and Gromiželj, which show a significantly higher level of mutual similarity and relatedness. Such clear differentiation is indicated by visual separation of the analysed populations across the first canonical axe, as well as by statistical significance of the estimated Procrustes distances, the UPGMA phenogram, mtDNA cytochrome b analysis, and microsatellite loci analysis ("neighbour-joining" unrooted tree of individuals and "STRUCTURE" analysis). Observed phenetic and genetic relationships of the analysed populations of European mudminnow are most probably the consequence of historical, geographical, and ecological factors. The current presence of European mudminnow at three studied localities in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are positioned outside the range limits cited in literature, supplement the knowledge on its distribution in Europe and suggest a possibility for existence of other populations, which all represents a good basis for species conservation and return to its extinct habitats. The results of this research represent a contribution to the knowledge of ecology of this species and of its morphological and genetic population variability. In keeping with the national legislation, following the adoption of adequate documents and measures, the obtained data offer a good basis for conservation and management of this globally threatened species.
Crnka (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) je jedina autohtona i reliktna vrsta iz roda Umbra prisutna u Evropi, endemična za basene Dunava i Dnjestra. U okviru današnjeg diskontinuiranog areala, usled isušivanja i zagađivanja staništa, populacije crnke značajno su smanjene poslednjih decenija XX veka. Iz navedenih razloga crnka se nalazi na IUCN Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta i ima status ranjive vrste (VU). Na nacionalnom nivou ima status kritično ugrožene vrste (CR) i nalazi se u neposrednoj opasnosti od iščezavanja. U ovoj disertaciji su uz distribuciju vrste u Srbiji i Bosni i Hercegovini, sa novozabeleženom populacijom u Srbiji (lokalitet Lugomir), prikazani i rezultati analize ekoloških karakteristika i morfološko-genetičke diferencijacije istraživanih populacija, a dat je i status ugroženosti vrste na nacionalnom nivou sa ugrožavajućim faktorima i merama zaštite i očuvanja. Za potrebe rada uzorkovano je ukupno 76 jedinki iz tri populacije, dve iz Srbije (23 jedinke sa lokaliteta Lugomir i 21 jedinka sa lokaliteta Bakreni Batar) i jedna iz Bosne i Hercegovine (32 jedinke sa lokaliteta Gromiželj). Za svaki istraživani lokalitet određeni su osnovni geografski parametri (geografska dužina, širina i nadmorska visina) i fizičko-hemijske karakteristike staništa (širina vodenog basena, dubina vode i mulja, temperatura vode i vazduha, pH vrednost, elektroprovodljivost, koncentracija kiseonika, saturacija kiseonikom, koncentracije amonijaka, nitrita i fosfata). Sve jedinke u uzorku su prvo fotografisane za potrebe analiza geometrijske morfometrije, a nakon toga su im merene totalna (TL) i standardna (SL) dužina tela i težina tela za potrebe analize strukture populacija. Takođe, jedinkama su uzete gonade za utvrđivanje pola, uzorci digestivnog trakta za analizu ishrane, uzorci krljušti za određivanje starosti i uzorci tkiva za analizu genetičke varijabilnosti. Na svim istraživanim lokalitetima utvrđen je kvalitativni sastav biljaka i riba, a izvršeno je i uzorkovanje beskičmenjaka iz mulja i submerzne vegetacije u cilju utvrđivanja njihovog kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava i analize ishrane crnke. Sva tri istraživana lokaliteta prema analiziranim fizičko hemijskim parametrima i sastavom zajednice biljaka i riba predstavljaju tipična staništa crnke. Analizom procentualne zastupljenosti glavnih grupa beskičmenjaka ustanovljeno je da su na svim istraživanim lokalitetima prisutni predstavnici Mollusca, Isopoda, Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera i Chironomidae. Među najzastupljenijim beskičmenjacima nalaze se predstavnici grupe Isopoda, koji su prisutni na sva tri lokaliteta, zatim grupa Heteroptera i Megaloptera u Bakrenom Bataru, odnosno Heteroptera i Odonata u kanalima na Lugomiru, kao i Odonata i Chironomidae na lokalitetu Gromiželj. Struktura populacija analizirana je na osnovu izmerene totalne dužine i težine tela i utvrđenog pola i starosti uzorkovanih jedinki. Totalne dužine tela uzoraka sa lokaliteta Lugomir i Bakreni Batar imaju približnu vrednost koja se kreće od 53,3 do 82,4 mm, odnosno 60,1 do 83,2 mm, sa izmerenim težinama od 1,5 do 5,9 g, odnosno od 1,5 do 6,6 g. U uzorku sa lokaliteta Gromiželj totalna dužina tela iznosi od 24,3 do 102,9 mm a težina od</abstract><pub>University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina conservation distribucija distribution ecological characteristics ekološke karakteristike genetic variability genetička varijabilnost geometric morphometrics geometrijska morfometrija Serbia Srbija ugroženost Umbra krameri vulnerability zaštita |
| title | Ecological characteristics and morphological-genetic differentiation in populations of European mudminnoow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) from Bačka, Mačva and Semberija |
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