Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden
Härtill 4 uppsatser Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010 filosofie doktorsexamen Doctor philosophiae doctorat ès lettres Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range tr...
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| creator | Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM) Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science |
| description | Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
doctorat ès lettres
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air ( |
| format | Dissertation |
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
doctorat ès lettres
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
doctorat ès lettres
De Geersalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14, Stockholm</description><language>eng ; swe</language><publisher>Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University</publisher><creationdate>2010</creationdate><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://data.europeana.eu/item/9200111/BibliographicResource_1000085991179$$EHTML$$P50$$Geuropeana$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>311,776,38494,75919</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://data.europeana.eu/item/9200111/BibliographicResource_1000085991179$$EView_record_in_Europeana$$FView_record_in_$$GEuropeana$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science</creatorcontrib><title>Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden</title><description>Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
doctorat ès lettres
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
doctorat ès lettres
De Geersalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14, Stockholm</description><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>dissertation</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>dissertation</recordtype><sourceid>1GC</sourceid><recordid>eNqtjjsOwjAQRNNQIOAOe4AgxSAEbkGglIjQR8tmTSyc3chOxPX5iCMwzbxq3kyzc6VjJE45cOdT8ipvRGlAicYYWYhBHVAbNHrBgRvoMaJzXhJ4gWpQerQauhyqJzcs82ziMCRe_HqWlafj9VAueYzaMwrWpCEwDR9XbVdFYYyp9_4WvN4j9q2nC6fvq9oU7-w21hqztes_Tr0AmjtTPA</recordid><startdate>20101126</startdate><enddate>20101126</enddate><creator>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)</creator><creator>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science</creator><general>Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University</general><scope>1GC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101126</creationdate><title>Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden</title><author>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM) ; Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-europeana_collections_9200111_BibliographicResource_10000859911793</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>dissertations</rsrctype><prefilter>dissertations</prefilter><language>eng ; swe</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science</creatorcontrib><collection>Europeana Collections</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973- , Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)</au><au>Fridén Ulrika E. 1973-, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science</au><format>dissertation</format><genre>dissertation</genre><ristype>THES</ristype><Advisor>Berger Urs Dr</Advisor><Advisor>de Boer Jacob Professor</Advisor><Advisor>Stockholms universitet Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)</Advisor><Advisor>McLachlan Michael S. Professor</Advisor><btitle>Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden</btitle><date>2010-11-26</date><risdate>2010</risdate><abstract>Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
doctorat ès lettres
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic.
The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries.
Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible.
CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study estimated the major emission sources of CPs to the Stockholm environment to be emissions from painted surfaces and in-place sealants.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Härtill 4 uppsatser
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010
filosofie doktorsexamen
Doctor philosophiae
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
doctorat ès lettres
De Geersalen, Geovetenskapens hus, Svante Arrhenius väg 14, Stockholm</abstract><pub>Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| title | Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
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