Young students' diverse resources for meaning making in science: learning from multilingual contexts

This manuscript elaborates the value of looking beyond the written and spoken word in science education research and practice at the early childhood level. We examine one plurilingual child's descriptions of a science activity to explore the diversity of resources that she used while expressing her understandings of a sound investigation. We demonstrate the ways in which she made her understandings evident via multiple modalities, including gesture, facial expression, and drawing, in two different classroom contexts; a whole-class discussion and a small group interaction. Foregrounding the resources she engaged serves to illustrate how different classroom structures mediated the complexities of her explanations. The findings of this research underscore our central argument regarding the value of considering the range of resources that facilitate children's expressing understandings in science education so they can be successful, especially within multilingual contexts. We draw implications for research and teaching praxis for positioning science as more than what is spoken and written, but as a complex, embodied enactment deeply embedded in multimodal, multilingual, interactions.