What Is “Gender Expression”? How a New and Nebulous Human Rights Construct Is Taking Shape in Ontario School Board Policy Documents

In 2002, jurisdictions across Canada began adding two new protected grounds to their human rights laws: gender identity and/or gender expression. Gender identity protections generally apply only to transgender people, whereas gender expression protections may apply to all Canadians in places like K–...

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Veröffentlicht in:Canadian journal of education 2019-12, Vol.42 (4), p.1154-1182
Hauptverfasser: Airton, Lee, Kirkup, Kyle, McMillan, Allison, DesRochers, Jacob
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creator Airton, Lee
Kirkup, Kyle
McMillan, Allison
DesRochers, Jacob
description In 2002, jurisdictions across Canada began adding two new protected grounds to their human rights laws: gender identity and/or gender expression. Gender identity protections generally apply only to transgender people, whereas gender expression protections may apply to all Canadians in places like K–12 schools. However, it remains legally unclear what kind of action, utterance, or pattern constitutes gender expression discrimination, and who can access related protections. In search of clarification, this article explores how the meaning of gender expression is being constructed within policy documents (N = 206) authored at the level of Ontario’s English public secular school boards. En 2002, des ressorts dans l’ensemble du Canada ont commencé à ajouter deux nouveaux motifs de discrimination interdits à leurs lois sur les droits de la personne, soit l’identité sexuelle et/ou l’expression de l’identité sexuelle ou de genre. Les protections entourant l’identité ne s’appliquent en général qu’aux personnes transgenres, alors que les protections entourant l’expression sexuelle ou de genre peuvent s’appliquer à tous les Canadiens et Canadiennes dans des endroits tels que les écoles élémentaires et secondaires. Une incertitude juridique demeure toutefois à l’égard du type d’action, de propos ou de schéma de comportement qui constitue une discrimination à l’égard de l’expression sexuelle ou de genre et à savoir qui peut se prévaloir des protections qui en découlent. Dans le but de clarifier cet aspect, cet article explore la manière dont la signification de l’expression sexuelle ou de genre est façonnée dans le cadre des politiques (N = 206) adoptées à l’échelon des conseils scolaires publics laïques de l’Ontario.
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subjects Athletics
Boards of education
Canadians
Civil Rights
Discrimination
Education
Education law
Education policy
Educational Legislation
Educational Policy
Educational Research
Elementary Secondary Education
Field Trips
Foreign Countries
Gender identity
High schools
Human rights
Identity
Jurisdiction
LGBTQ People
LGBTQ rights movements
Literature Reviews
Public Schools
School boards
Sexual Identity
Social Bias
Social Justice
State Legislation
Students
Transgender people
Transgender persons
title What Is “Gender Expression”? How a New and Nebulous Human Rights Construct Is Taking Shape in Ontario School Board Policy Documents
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