Developing a “Social Presence Scale” for E-learning Environments
The purpose of the current study is to develop a “social presence scale” for e-learning environments. A systematic approach was followed for developing the scale. The scale was applied to 461 students registered in seven different programs at Gazi University. The sample was split into two subsamples...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Educational sciences : theory & practice 2014-01, Vol.14 (2), p.764 |
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| creator | KILIÇ ÇAKMAK, Ebru ÇEBİ, Ayça KAN, Adnan |
| description | The purpose of the current study is to develop a “social presence scale” for e-learning environments. A systematic approach was followed for developing the scale. The scale was applied to 461 students registered in seven different programs at Gazi University. The sample was split into two subsamples on a random basis (n1=261; n2=200). The first sample was used for Exploratory Factor Analysis, and the second sample for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. After the Exploratory Factor Analysis, the scale included 17 items and three factors. These factors were labeled as interactive, cohesive, and affective in light of the relevant literature. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was found to be .84, whereas the values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for individual factors of the scale ranged between .75 and .81. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted within the scope of the validity study of the scale confirming the structure of the 3-factor scale. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.12738/estp.2014.2.1847 |
| format | Article |
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A systematic approach was followed for developing the scale. The scale was applied to 461 students registered in seven different programs at Gazi University. The sample was split into two subsamples on a random basis (n1=261; n2=200). The first sample was used for Exploratory Factor Analysis, and the second sample for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. After the Exploratory Factor Analysis, the scale included 17 items and three factors. These factors were labeled as interactive, cohesive, and affective in light of the relevant literature. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was found to be .84, whereas the values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for individual factors of the scale ranged between .75 and .81. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted within the scope of the validity study of the scale confirming the structure of the 3-factor scale.</abstract><cop>Istanbul</cop><pub>Codon Publications</pub><doi>10.12738/estp.2014.2.1847</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bartletts Test of Sphericity College Students Data Analysis Distance Education Educational Benefits Educational Environment Electronic Learning Eğitim Bilimleri Factor Analysis Foreign Countries Item Analysis Kişisel Gelişim Measures (Individuals) Psychometrics Reliability Social Cognition Statistical Analysis Turkey Validity |
| title | Developing a “Social Presence Scale” for E-learning Environments |
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